He was born to R. C. Stampley, Jr. and Mary E. Stampley. In the 1960s, Stampley was the main singer for the rock group, The Uniques. The Uniques were based out of Shreveport, about fifty-five miles southwest of Springhill, and began performing in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. In 1965, The Uniques recorded "Not Too Long Ago", the first national hit for Paula Records. One year later, they followed with "All These Things". The Uniques released four original albums, and one greatest hitscompilation between 1965 and their 1970 breakup. Most of their material was rooted in rhythm and blues, rock, pop, and swamp pop genres. In 1971, Stampley signed with ABC-Dot and recorded seven country albums that produced such hits as "Soul Song"; "Too Far Gone"; "If You Touch Me, You've Got To Love Me"; "I'm Still Loving You"; and a remake of "All These Things" as a two-step which reached #1 on the country chart. In 1975, he moved to Epic Records, where he released thirteen albums. These albums included such hits as: "Roll On Big Mama," "Red Wine and Blue Memories," "If You've Got Ten Minutes," "Do You Ever Fool Around," and "I'm Gonna Love You Back To Lovin' Me Again." Stampley has over 60 charted records. Joel Whitburn ranked Stampley 52nd among all country artists from 1944-1993 for charted singles. In 1976, Stampley had eight singles on the Billboard country chart and was Billboard's singles-artist of the year.
During the height of his success, Stampley began teaming with Moe Bandy on a string of duets. Unlike the honky-tonk standards that both artists were known for, most of the "Moe and Joe" collaborations were tongue in cheeknovelty and satirical songs. Their first charting hit together, "Just Good Ol' Boys", became a #1 hit in September 1979 and was their most successful single. Other hits were "Holding the Bag", "Hey Moe, Hey Joe", and "Where's the Dress". The latter was a satire on Boy George, and had an opening guitar riff similar to Culture Club's #1 pop hit "Karma Chameleon". "Where's The Dress" won the American Video Association's award for Video of the Year in 1984. Bandy and Stampley were recognized as the Country Music Association's 1980 Vocal Duo of the Year, and won the Academy of Country Music's Vocal Duo award for two consecutive years. In 2000, Stampley founded Critter Records. The first act signed to the label was Billy Hoffman. Stampley occasionally performs in his native Springhill. Much of his music is available on CD from his official website. On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Joe Stampley among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.