The Jesuit Academy of Cluj was founded in 1581 by King Stephen Báthory, prince of Transylvania and king of Poland. He called to Cluj seven Jesuit professors from Italy, Germany, and Poland, who constituted the Collegium Academicum Claudiopolitanum. The first rector of the college was the Polish Jesuit priestJakub Wujek. Academia Cladiopolitana had a university statute, having the royal right to confer the university titles of baccalaureus, magister, and doctor, in two faculties: philosophy, followed by theology. The Jesuits were banished in 1603 and the Academy was closed in 1606, but in 1698 they came again after the restoration of the Academy. The institution experienced a special momentum in the 18th century, when a large boarding school, called Convictus Nobilium, was built next to the church and university, where students were received regardless of their ethnic origin. Since 1698 until 1786 the Academy evolved into Universitas Claudiopolitana, and later even having the four classical faculties: Philosophy, as a prerequisite for Theology, Law, and Medicine .
History
The founding document of the Academic College in Cluj was issued by King Stephen Báthory in Vilnius on 12 May 1581. The steps for setting up this college were taken by Italian diplomat Antonio Possevino. The first academic rector of the college was Jakub Wujek, a philologist who had previously been the first rector of the newly established University of Vilnius. The institution had the rights to confer the university/academic titles of baccalaureus, magister, and doctor. The University operated during this first period near the Church on Faekas street. For funding the University of Cluj was granted the income of the Monastery of Kolozsmonostor, with six villages. The institution numbered more than 180 students in 1585. In 1603, in the context of occupying the city by Moses Székely, the Jesuits were expelled, their goods devastated, and in the 1606 the university closed. The Vienna Court restored the university on November 17, 1698. From 1712/1725, the rector of the institution was empowered to hold the title of rector magnificus. In 1713 there arose the Fundatores Academiae Transsilvaniae Claudiopoli, a work for foundations of the higher education in Cluj. In 1753 Universitas Claudiopolitana was re-organized as an imperial university, more and more under the influence of the state, rather than the Jesuits. Following 1773, after the suppression of the Society of Jesus, Empress Maria-Theresa further developed Universitas Claudiopolitana. Indeed, during its maximum development, Universitas Claudiopolitana had the four classical faculties: Philosophy, as a prerequisities for Theology, Law, and Medicine. Due to the reforms in the empire, the Universitas Claudiopolitana was transformed in 1786 into a semiuniversity institution. Thus, the Universitas Claudiopolitana was followed after 1786 by two institutions with a semiuniversity statute: the Surgical-Medical Institute and the Academy of Law. Then, starting with 1872, the Hungarian Royal University of Kolozsvár was founded, with teaching in Hungarian, which included the two semiuniversity institutions already existing in the city. In 1919, the Hungarian university was taken over by the Romanian authorities and the Romanian University of Cluj has been established. The Romanian and the Hungarian universities – derived from Franz Joseph University and King Ferdinand University - were united in 1959 under the name of Babeș-Bolyai University. Victor Babeș was a famous Romanian physician/biologist, one of the founders of microbiology and a professor at the King Ferdinand University of Cluj. The name Bolyai is related to the famous Hungarian family of mathematicians from Transylvania.
Teaching Staff
Academia/Universitas Claudiopolitana had famous professor and alumni. Among professor of the academy/university during the first period one can name famous Jesuits like Jacub Wujek and Arator and Peter Pazmany as one of the alumni. During the second period, Maximilian Hell was one of the most famous professors of the university, who also set up the first astronomical observatory in Cluj
