J1 League


The J1 League or simply J1 is the top division of the J.League and the top professional Soccer J.League in Japan. It is one of the most successful leagues in Asian club football. Currently, the J1 League is the first level of the Japanese association football league system. The second tier is represented by the J2 League. It is currently sponsored by Meiji Yasuda Life and thus officially known as the Meiji Yasuda J1 League. Until the 2014 season it was named the J.League Division 1'''.

History

Phases of J1

Before the professional league (1992 and earlier)

Before the inception of the J.League, the highest level of club football was the Japan Soccer League, which consisted of amateur clubs. Despite being well-attended during the boom of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the JSL went into decline in the 1980s, in general line with the deteriorating situation worldwide. Fans were few, the grounds were not of the highest quality, and the Japanese national team was not on a par with the Asian powerhouses. To raise the level of play domestically, to attempt to garner more fans, and to strengthen the national team, the Japan Football Association decided to form a professional league.
The professional association football league, J.League was formed in 1992, with eight clubs drawn from the JSL First Division, one from the Second Division, and the newly formed Shimizu S-Pulse. At the same time, JSL changed its name and became the former Japan Football League, a semi-professional league. Although the J.League did not officially launch until 1993, the Yamazaki Nabisco Cup competition was held between the ten clubs in 1992 to prepare for the inaugural season.

Inaugural season and J.League boom (1993–1995)

J.League officially kicked off its first season with ten clubs in early 1993.

After the boom (1996–1999)

Despite the success in the first three years, in early 1996 the league attendance declined rapidly. In 1997 the average attendance was 10,131, compared to more than 19,000 in 1994. Notably, Arsene Wenger managed Nagoya Grampus Eight during this period.

Change of infrastructure and game formats (1999–2004)

The league's management finally realized that they were heading in the wrong direction. In order to solve the problem, the management came out with two solutions.
First, they announced the J.League Hundred Year Vision, in which they aim to make 100 professional association football clubs in the nation of Japan by 2092, the hundredth season. The league also encouraged the clubs to promote football or non-football related sports and health activities, to acquire local sponsorships, and to build good relationship with their hometowns at the grass-root level. The league believed that this will allow the clubs to bond with their respective cities and towns and get support from local government, companies, and citizens. In other words, clubs will be able to rely on the locals, rather than major national sponsors.
Second, the infrastructure of the league was heavily changed in 1999. The league acquired nine clubs from the semi-professional JFL and one club from J.League to create a two division system. The top flight became the J.League Division 1 with 16 clubs while J.League Division 2 was launched with ten clubs in 1999. The former second-tier Japan Football League now became the third-tier Japan Football League.
Also, until 2004, the J1 season was divided into two. At the end of each full season, the champion from each half played a two-legged series to determine the overall season winner and runners-up. Júbilo Iwata in 2002, and Yokohama F. Marinos in 2003, won both "halves" of the respective seasons, thus eliminating the need for the playoff series. This was the part of the reason the league abolished the split-season system starting from 2005.

European League Format & AFC Champions League (2005–2008)

Since the 2005 season, J.League Division 1 consisted of 18 clubs and the season format became more similar to European club football. The number of relegated clubs also increased from 2 to 2.5, with the 3rd-to-last club going into the promotion/relegation playoffs with the third-placed J2 club. Since then, other than minor adjustments, the top flight has stayed consistent.
Japanese teams did not treat the AFC Champions League that seriously in the early years, in part due to the distances travelled and teams played. However, in the 2008 Champions League, three Japanese sides made the quarter-finals.
However, in recent years, with the inclusion of the A-League in Eastern Asia, introduction to the Club World Cup, and increased marketability in the Asian continent, both the league and the clubs paid more attention to Asian competition. For example, Kawasaki Frontale built up a notable fan base in Hong Kong, owing to their participation in the Asian Champions League during the 2007 season. Continuous effort led to the success of Urawa Red Diamonds in 2007 and Gamba Osaka in 2008. Thanks to excellent league management and competitiveness in Asian competition, the AFC awarded J.League the highest league ranking and a total of four slots starting from the 2009 season. The league took this as an opportunity to sell TV broadcasting rights to foreign countries, especially in Asia.
Also starting from the 2008 season, the Emperor's Cup Winner was allowed to participate in the upcoming Champions League season, rather than waiting a whole year. In order to fix this one-year lag issue, the 2007 Emperor's Cup winner, Kashima Antlers' turn was waived. Nonetheless, Kashima Antlers ended up participating in the 2009 ACL season by winning the J.League title in the 2008 season.

Modern phase (2009–2016)

Three major changes were seen starting in the 2009 season. First, starting that season, four clubs entered the AFC Champions League. Secondly, the number of relegation slots increased to three. Finally, the AFC Player slot was implemented starting this season. Each club will be allowed to have a total of four foreign players; however, one slot is reserved for a player that derives from an AFC country other than Japan. Also, as a requirement of being a member of the Asian Football Confederation, the J.League Club Licence regulations started in 2012 as one criterion of whether a club was allowed to stay in its division or to be promoted to a higher tier in professional level league. No major changes happened to J.League Division 1 as the number of clubs stayed at 18.
In 2015 the J.League Division 1 was renamed J1 League. Also, the tournament format was changed to a three-stage system. The season was split into first and second stages, followed by a third and final championship stage. The third stage was composed of three to five teams. The top point accumulator in each stage and the top three point accumulators for the overall season qualified. If both of the stage winners finished in the top three teams for the season, then only three teams qualified for the championship stage. These teams then took part in a championship playoff stage to decide the winner of the league trophy.

Future (2017–)

Despite the new multi-stage format being initially reported as locked in for five seasons, due to a negative reaction from hardcore fans, and a failure to appeal to casual fans, towards the end of the 2016 it was abandoned in favour of a return to a single-stage system. From 2017, the team which accumulates the most points will be named champion, with no championship stage taking place at the season's end, and from 2018, the bottom two clubs are relegated and the 16th-placed club enters a playoff with the J2 club that wins a promotion playoff series. If the J2 playoff winner prevails, the club is promoted, with the J1 club being relegated, otherwise the J1 club can retain its position in J1 League with the promotion failure of the J2 club.
In November 2017, Urawa Red Diamonds played the AFC Champions League final against Al Hilal. After a draw in the first leg, Urawa Red Diamonds won the second leg 1-0 and were crowned Asian Champions. In the past 10–15 years, Japanese clubs have risen not only continentally, but also internationally. Clubs Gamba Osaka and Urawa Red Diamonds have been crowned Asian champions and participated in the Club World Cup, always targeting at least the semi-finals. Kashima Antlers were finalists of the 2016 edition and eventually lost to Real Madrid.

Timeline

2020 season

League format

Eighteen clubs will play in double round-robin format, a total of 34 games each. A club receives 3 points for a win, 1 point for a tie, and 0 points for a loss. The clubs are ranked by points, and tiebreakers are, in the following order:
A draw would be conducted, if necessary. However, if two clubs are tied for first place, both clubs will be declared as co-champions. The top three clubs will qualify to the following year's AFC Champions League, while the bottom two clubs will be relegated to J2. The third club will play a playoff against the J2 playoffs-winning team.
;Prize money
Addition to the prize, top 4 clubs are awarded with the following funds money.
;J league funds distributed to top 4 clubs
ClubYear
joined		Seasons
in J1		Based inFirst season in
top flight		Seasons in
top flight		Current spell in
top flight		Last title
199327Southwestern cities/towns of Ibaraki1985/86301993–2016
199412South and central cities/town in Kanagawa1972302018–1981
Cerezo Osaka199519Osaka & Sakai, Osaka1965452017–1980
Consadole Sapporo19988All cities/towns in Hokkaidō1989/90112017––
199327Yokohama, Yokosuka & Yamato1979391982–2019
1999 16Kawasaki, Kanagawa1977182005–2018
Gamba Osaka199326North cities in Osaka1986/87332014–2014
Nagoya Grampus199326All cities/towns in Aichi1973342018–2010
199326Saitama1965522001–2006
199522Kashiwa, Chiba1965462020–2011
1993 26Shizuoka1993262017––
Sagan Tosu1999 8Tosu, Saga201282012––
Sanfrecce Hiroshima199325Hiroshima, Hiroshima1965472009–2015
1999 19Tokyo2000192012––
1999 9All cities/towns in Ōita200392019––
Vegalta Sendai1999 12Sendai, Miyagi2002122010––
Vissel Kobe199721Kobe, Hyōgo1997212014––
Yokohama FC2001 1Yokohama, Kanagawa200712020––

Source for teams participating:
Primary venues used in the J1 League:

Former clubs

Championship history

Split-Season era
Bold designates champions; † Single season; ‡ Same club won both stages.
Single Season era
YearChampionRunners-Up3rd Place
2005Gamba OsakaUrawa Red DiamondsKashima Antlers
2006Urawa Red DiamondsKawasaki FrontaleGamba Osaka
2007Kashima AntlersUrawa Red DiamondsGamba Osaka
2008Kashima AntlersKawasaki FrontaleNagoya Grampus
2009Kashima AntlersKawasaki FrontaleGamba Osaka
2010Nagoya GrampusGamba OsakaCerezo Osaka
2011Kashiwa ReysolNagoya GrampusGamba Osaka
2012Sanfrecce HiroshimaVegalta SendaiUrawa Red Diamonds
2013Sanfrecce HiroshimaYokohama F. MarinosKawasaki Frontale
2014Gamba OsakaUrawa Red DiamondsKashima Antlers

Split-Season Era
Bold designates champions.
Year1st Stage2nd stage
2015Urawa Red DiamondsSanfrecce Hiroshima
2016Kashima AntlersUrawa Red Diamonds

Single Season Era
YearChampionRunners-Up3rd Place
2017Kawasaki FrontaleKashima AntlersCerezo Osaka
2018Kawasaki FrontaleSanfrecce HiroshimaKashima Antlers
2019Yokohama F. MarinosFC TokyoKashima Antlers

Most successful clubs

Clubs in bold compete in top flight as of 2019 season.
ClubChampionsRunners-UpWinning SeasonsRunners-Up Seasons
Kashima Antlers
8
3
1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 20161993, 1997, 2017
Yokohama F. Marinos
4
3
1995, 2003, 2004, 20192000, 2002, 2013
Júbilo Iwata
3
3
1997, 1999, 20021998, 2001, 2003
Sanfrecce Hiroshima
3
2
2012, 2013, 20151994, 2018
Kawasaki Frontale
2
3
2017, 20182006, 2008, 2009
Gamba Osaka
2
2
2005, 20142010, 2015
Tokyo Verdy
2
1
1993, 19941995
Urawa Red Diamonds
1
5
20062004, 2005, 2007, 2014, 2016
Nagoya Grampus
1
2
20101996, 2011
Kashiwa Reysol
1
0
2011
Shimizu S-Pulse
0
1
1999
Vegalta Sendai
0
1
2012
FC Tokyo
0
1
2019

Relegation history

Only four clubs have never been relegated from J1. Among those, only two clubs – Kashima Antlers and Yokohama F. Marinos – have been participating in every league season since its establishment in 1993. Sagan Tosu were promoted to the first division in 2012, and remain there ever since. The former J.League club Yokohama Flügels never experienced relegation before their merger with Yokohama Marinos in 1999.
JEF United Chiba holds the record for the longest top flight participation streak of 44 consecutive seasons in the first divisions of JSL and J.League that lasted since the establishment of JFL in 1965 and ended with their relegation in 2009. The longest ongoing top flight streak belongs to Yokohama F. Marinos who play in the top flight since 1982.
;The 1998 season
When the league introduced the two-division system in 1999, they also reduced number of Division 1 club from 18 to 16. At the end of 1998 season, they hosted the J.League Promotion Tournament to determine two relegating clubs.
;Split-season era
Throughout 1999 to 2003 seasons, two bottom clubs were relegated to Division 2. To accommodate for split-season format, combined overall standings were used to determine the relegating clubs. This created a confusing situation, where for the championship race stage standing were used, while overall standing was used for relegation survival.
At end of the 2004 season, Division 1 again expanded from 16 to 18 clubs. No clubs were relegated; however, last-placed club had to play Promotion/Relegation Series against 3rd placed club from J2. Again, to determine 16th placed club, overall standing was used instead of stage standing.
For five seasons starting in 2015, three bottom clubs are relegated based on overall standings.
;Single season era
For the next four seasons, 2005 to 2008, the number of relegating clubs was increased to 2.5, with two clubs from each division being promoted and relegated directly, and two more competed in Promotion/Relegation Series.
In 2009, the pro/rele series were abandoned and three teams are directly exchanged between divisions. In 2012, promotion playoffs were introduced in J2, allowing teams that finished from 3rd to 6th to compete for J1 promotion place, and since 2018, the bottom two teams are relegated and the entry playoff has the 16th team play the J2 playoff winner.
;Summary
† Won the Pro/Rele Series or entry playoff;
‡ Lost the Pro/Rele Series or entry playoff and relegated

Other tournaments

;Domestic tournaments
;International tournaments
;Defunct tournament

Players

2020-2022

Country/regionBroadcaster
JapanNHK
JapanDAZN
AustraliaOptus Sport
AustriaSportdigital
GermanySportdigital
SwitzerlandSportdigital
BruneiAstro SuperSport
MalaysiaAstro SuperSport
ChinaK-Ball
Hong KongCable TV
IrelandFreeSports
United KingdomFreeSports
IsraelSport 5
MacauTDM
MCOT
Siam Sport