Józef Sowiński
Józef Sowiński was a Polish artillery general and one of the heroes of Poland's November 1830 Uprising.Biography
Józef Longin Sowiński was born March 15, 1777 Warsaw, after graduating from the famous Corps of Cadets in Warsaw, he joined the Polish Army as a lieutenant during the Kościuszko Uprising. After its suppression and the dismemberment of Poland by her neighbor states, Sowiński's regiment was drafted into the Prussian army. In 1807 he fought at the Battle of Eylau and received the highest military decoration of Prussia, the Pour le Mérite. However, after the Duchy of Warsaw was proclaimed by Napoleon Bonaparte, Sowiński in 1811 returned into Polish service.
He fought in various battles of the Napoleonic wars. During Napoleon's invasion of Russia he lost a leg at the Battle of Borodino, near the village of Mozhaysk. He was awarded the Virtuti Militari and Legion of Honor. After the Congress of Vienna he returned to Poland and served as commander of the Warsaw Arsenal of the Kingdom of Poland Army. In 1820 he became commandant of the Application School for officers.
After the outbreak of the November Uprising against Russia in 1830, Sowiński became artillery commander of the Warsaw garrison and head of the Government Commission of War. During the Russian assault on Warsaw on September 6, 1831, Sowiński personally commanded the heroic defense of the Polish capital's western approaches, in what is now its Wola district.
According to recent historians, just after the surrender negotiations he was bayonetted to death by the Russians.
His death was immortalized by Polish poets, including Juliusz Słowacki in his Sowiński w okopach Woli. It was also the subject of a painting by Wojciech Kossak and a ballad by Jacek Kaczmarski.
