Intermediate bulk container
Intermediate bulk containers are reusable, multi-use industrial-grade containers engineered for the mass handling, transport, and storage of liquids, semi-solids, pastes, or solids. The two main categories of IBC tanks are flexible IBCs and rigid IBCs.
Description
Rigid IBC tanks
Rigid intermediate bulk containers are stackable, reusable, versatile containers with an integrated pallet base mount that provides forklift and/or pallet jack maneuverability. These containers can be made from metal, plastic, or a composite construction of the two materials. Rigid IBC design types are manufactured across a volume range that is in between that of standard shipping drums and intermodal tank containers, hence the title "intermediate“ bulk container. IBC totes are authorized per Title 49 CFR codes to be fabricated of a volume up to while maintaining the "IBC" name and their federal shipping and handling permits.IBC tank capacities generally used are often. Intermediate bulk containers are standardized shipping containers often UN/DOT certified for the transport handling of hazardous and non-hazardous, packing group II and packing group III commodities. Many IBC totes are manufactured according to federal and NSF/ANSI regulations and mandates, and are often IMDG approved as well for domestic and maritime transport. Metal alloy IBC tanks are also manufactured according to NFPA and UL142 certification standards for extensive storage of materials labeled as flammable and/or combustible.
Intermediate bulk containers can be manufactured from various materials based on the requirements of the application or service the IBC will be used for. Traditional materials include:
- Plastic
- Composite: galvanized steel and plastic
- Carbon steel
- Stainless steel
Flexible IBC tanks
A standard flexible intermediate bulk container can hold and manufacturers offer bags with a volume of.In addition to the above materials, flexible IBCs can also be made of fiberboard, wood, aluminum, and folding plastic. Folding IBCs are also made of heavy plastic. Their sides fold inward when the unit is empty allowing the IBC to collapse into a much smaller package for return shipment or storage. Flexible intermediate bulk containers, made of woven polyethylene or polypropylene bags, are designed for storing or transporting dry, flowable products, such as sand, fertilizer, and plastic granules.
Engineered design
Most IBCs are cube-shaped and this cube-shaped engineering contributes to the packaging, stacking, storing, shipping, and overall space efficiency of intermediate bulk containers. Rigid IBC totes feature integrated pallet bases with dimensions that are generally near the common pallet standard dimension of or. IBC container’s pallet base is designed for universal maneuverability via forklift/pallet jack channels. Almost all rigid IBCs are designed so they can be stacked vertically one atop the other using a forklift. Most have a built-in tap at the base of the container to which hoses can be attached, or through which the contents can be poured into smaller containers.An average IBC base dimension is. When compared to pallets of drums, IBC tanks are capable of carrying equivalent volumes in less shipping space and in significantly less steps, both manufacturing and logistic. One IBC is the volume to five drums, and a single IBC is the equivalent to six 55-gallon drums, with the IBC maintaining the space and dimensions of a single pallet. This is an increase in space utilization as:
- 4 drums = 1 pallet
- 1 IBC = 1 pallet
- 1 275-gallon IBC = 5 drums
- 5 drums = 1.25 pallets
- 1 330-gallon IBC = 6 drums
- 6 drums = 1.5 pallets
Advantages
There are many advantages to the engineering and design of the IBC model:- Being cubic in form, they can transport more material in the same footprint compared to cylindrical-shaped containers, and far more than might be shipped in the same space compared to packaging in consumer quantities.
- Composite IBCs rely on plastic liners that can be filled and discharged with a variety of systems.
- The manufacturer/processor of a product can bulk package a product in one country and ship to many other countries at a reasonably low cost where it is subsequently packaged in final consumer form in accordance with the regulations of that country and in a form and language suitable for that country.
- High organization, mobility, integration capabilities.
- Increase logistic and handling timelines, efficiencies, and capacity through single container filling, moving, loading, transit, and dispensing.
- Potential long term assets given the durability of IBC construction materials.
- Provides a reliable and consistent way to handle or store materials.
Uses
- Bulk chemicals including hazardous materials or dangerous goods
- Commodities and raw materials used in industrial production
- Liquid, granulated, and powdered food ingredients
- Food syrups, such as corn syrup, maple syrup or molasses
- Petrochemical products, such as oil, gas, solvents, detergents, or adhesives
- Rainwater when used for rooftop rainwater collectionbatch product
- Used IBCs are the basic building blocks for many home aquaponic systems
- Paints and industrial coatings
- Pharmaceutical compounds, ingredients, intermediates, batch products
- Healthcare related items, solid commodities, bio-waste, waste materials
- Vineyards, wine fermentation, spirits production
- Agriculture, nursery, greenhouse uses and chemicals
- Many water, waste water, process water applications across industry sectors
- Used by land owners to support firefighting activities
Acquisition and disposal
An IBC can be purchased as a new unit, a rebottled unit or a washed unit. A washed unit is typically less expensive, with the new unit being the most expensive, and the rebottled unit near the mid-point. In many cases, a customer may purchase a mix of these types of units under a single price, to simplify the accounting.
The customer's choice of unit primarily depends on either actual or perceived sensitivity of their product to contamination, and the overall ability to clean their specific product type from the bottle. Those with a lower contamination risk are prime candidates for the washed units. With the exception of products produced in "clean rooms", the decision of a washed over a new is usually a matter of availability or appearance.
An IBC can be leased in a closed-loop or the most common open-loop system. For plastic composite units, the trip lease has largely been replaced by a blended purchase.
Safety
When exposed to fire as in a warehouse event, plastic IBCs containing combustible or flammable liquids can melt or burn fairly rapidly, releasing their entire contents and increasing the fire hazard by the sudden addition of combustible fuel. Rigid plastic IBCs that transport and house flammable/combustibles are recommended to have clear labeling and stored within properly secured structures and according to federal regulations, such as NFPA and OSHA. Metal IBCs are often approved per UL 142 requirements for housing these materials long term. Accordingly, metal IBC tanks can be used for Class I materials, while rigid plastic IBCs can be used for Class II/III materials.Concerning the mechanical stability and sloshing of intermediate bulk containers during transport, some research has been performed through the U.S. Department of Transportation which seems to indicate that IBC containers perform overall very well during transit in terms of sloshing and mechanical stability.
For metal IBCs, test reports by the German Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung show that a metal IBC can withstand fire for at least 30 minutes, if it is equipped with a pressure venting device.
History
The concept of the IBC was patented in 1992 by inventor Olivier J. L. D'Hollander working for Dow Corning S.A.It was inspired by the patent of a "Fold up wire frame containing a plastic bottle", patented in 1990 by Dwight E. Nicols for Hoover Group, Inc.