Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada
During the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, outbreaks of the virus took place in factories operated by the meat packing industry and the poultry processing industry. These outbreaks affected multiple plants, leading to closures of some factories and disruption of others, and posing a threat to the food supply in Canada.
The Cargill beef processing plant in High River, Alberta is the largest workplace outbreak in Canada, and the over 1000 cases linked to the site are considered the single largest infection cause in North America.
Early response
Sometime in late March 2020 several industry groups, among them the Canadian Meat Council which included as regular members Cargill, JBS Foods International and the Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, distributed a flyer entitled "Safeguarding the Canadian Meat Supply". The flyer, which stressed the industry's adherence to CFIA regulations, detailed measures which would be taken to do just that:- Symptom monitoring - 4 points
- Temperature monitoring - 2 points
- Travel and exposure history - 2 points
- Controlled entry - 3 points
- Hand sanitation - 2 points
- Personnel distancing - 3 points
- Facility and equipment sanitation - 4 points
Sometime in early April, a two-page fact sheet entitled "Food Safety and COVID-19" detailed the measures consumers should take to protect themselves and their families. It was keyed in red and made liberal use of federal government advice, and directed readers to government help lines. The industry organizations also produced a pair of videos.
Overall impact
Seventy percent of Canada's beef processing facilities are concentrated in two meat processing facilities in Alberta, both of which closed due to the coronavirus on April 20. Coupled with the drop in oil prices, Alberta's financial situation was significantly affected. Experts noted as early as 8 April that the Alberta economy needs to diversify, and perhaps the government needs introduce a Provincial Sales Tax.As of April 23, the Province of Alberta had launched an occupational health and safety investigation into conditions at the Cargill meat-packing plant in High River. Coronavirus illness was detected in 96 employees at a JBS plant in Brooks.
Hog producers were unhappy due to closed slaughterhouses and closed restaurants, and lost money on every animal they sold. Human cases of COVID-19 disease in April "at American pork-processing plants, including in South Dakota and Iowa, have temporarily closed facilities and slashed the number of hogs being processed every day by an estimated 60,000." Manitoba hog producers were particularly unhappy because they used to market to the Americans. A finishing pig that commanded $180 in January 2020 is now worth around $130. The producers want reinstated the federal government subsidy called the "set-aside program, which compensates producers for feeding the animals they hold back a maintenance diet. The program was first implemented during the BSE crisis" of 25 years before.
On April 28, McDonald's Canada announced that it would begin using beef from approved sources outside of Canada, to supplement their Canadian supply. The National Post reported that product would come from the Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, United States, and Uruguay. It removed Angus beef burgers from its menu, temporarily.
One supermarket in Alberta noted that they were getting less supply of beef, but not a significant impact as of late April.
Some pigs in eastern Canada were euthanised, as slaughterhouses closed.
UFCW Local 401, which represents various beef production plants in Alberta, called for a stop work order in early May.
On 11 May, the CFIA's Agriculture Union of embedded inspectors at slaughterhouses said that management is "threatening disciplinary action against employees who refuse to be reassigned to work at COVID-19-infected meat plants", while Deputy PM Chrystia Freeland said that "those who feel unsafe won't be forced back to work."
On 11 May, a CBC journalist wrote that "The Cargill plant in Alberta, where there have been about 1,000 reported cases , is now considered the largest single-site outbreak in North America."
On 13 May, it was reported that forty government food inspectors had contracted COVID-19, 21 of them in Alberta.
Specific processors
Cargill
High River plant
The town of High River had 164 cases and one death as of April 17, with some of the patients being employees of the Cargill meat packing plant. The plant continued at a reduced capacity, but no layoffs had occurred as of April 17. As of April 17, there were 358 cases linked to the plant, accounting for 15% of the province's cases; that ratio grew to 1 in 4 by late April. United Food and Commercial Workers Canada Union Local 401 lobbied unsuccessfully for the plant's closure since the point at which health authorities were aware of 38 cases linked to the facility. On April 20, Cargill temporarily closed the facility after a total of 484 cases were confirmed.Fifteen residents of Eden Valley 216 and Morley were found to have COVID-19 in late April; both are Stoney Nakoda Nation communities. Contract tracing connected some of those cases to Cargill, where some members of that community work.
On 11 May, the Government of Alberta disclosed that a second worker from the Cargill plant had died that day.
As of mid-May, 18 on-site food inspectors at the plant had contracted COVID-19.
Chambly, Quebec plant
At Chambly, Quebec's Cargill plant, 64 employees were contracted the disease. The plant will close by May 13 as a preventative measure, once all food is processed.Conestoga Meats
JBS Canada
In Brooks, Alberta, 7% of the population tested positive for COVID-19, with 600 workers confirmed and probable cases in the JBS Foods plant. As of May 9, 510 workers had recovered, but one worker died. The plant added a shift premium of $4 an hour, but many employees skipped their shifts, forcing the company to reduce their schedule to one shift. As of April 21, the company claimed that there had been no walk-offs.Lilydale
On May 1, it was announced that 52 employees of a Lilydale poultry plant in Coquitlam were infected by the virus.As of April 23, at least one employee of the Lilydale plant in southeast Calgary had COVID-19.