Hydrofunctionalization
A hydrofunctionalization reaction is the addition of hydrogen and another univalent fragment across a carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom multiple bond. Often, the term hydrofunctionalization without modifier refers specifically to the use of the covalent hydride as the source of hydrogen and X for this transformation. If other reagents are used to achieve the net addition of hydrogen and X across a multiple bond, the process may be referred to as a formal hydrofunctionalization.
For terminal olefins, the regioselectivity of the process can be described as Markovnikov or anti-Markovnikov. Catalysts are frequently employed to control the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of hydrofunctionalization reactions.Examples
Some of the better known classes of hydrofunctionalization reactions include the following:
- Hydroboration
- Hydrosilylation
- Hydrometalation
- Hydroamination
- hydration
- Hydroalkoxylation
- Hydrohalogenation
- Hydrovinylation
- Hydroacylation
- Hydroformylation
