Hugo Award for Best Fanzine
The Hugo Award for Best Fanzine is given each year for non professionally edited magazines, or "fanzines", related to science fiction or fantasy which has published four or more issues with at least one issue appearing in the previous calendar year. Awards were also once given out for professional magazines in the professional magazine category, and since 1984 have been awarded for semi-professional magazines in the semiprozine category; several magazines that were nominated for or won the fanzine category have gone on to be nominated for or win the semiprozine category since it was established. The Hugo Awards have been described as "a fine showcase for speculative fiction" and "the best known literary award for science fiction writing".
The award was first presented in 1955, and has been given annually since except for in 1958. A "fanzine" is defined for the award as a magazine that does not meet the Hugo award's criteria for a professional or semi-professional magazine. Specifically, it must meet less than two of the five Hugo criteria for consideration as a semiprozine: that the magazine had an average press run of at least one thousand copies per issue, paid its contributors and/or staff in other than copies of the publication, provided at least half the income of any one person, had at least fifteen percent of its total space occupied by advertising, and announced itself to be a semiprozine. This is the oldest long-running Hugo award for fan activity; in 1967 Hugo Awards were added specifically for fan writing and fan art. In addition to the regular Hugo awards, beginning in 1996 Retrospective Hugo Awards, or "Retro Hugos", have been available to be awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years prior in which no awards were given. To date, Retro Hugo awards have been awarded for 1939, 1941, 1943—1946, 1951, and 1954, and the fanzine category has been included each year.
During the 73 nomination years, including Retro Hugo years, 133 magazines run by 194 editors have been nominated. Of these, 40 magazines run by 67 editors have won, including ties. Locus has won 8 times out of 13 nominations, the most wins of any magazine. File 770 has won 7 of 31, the most nominations of any magazine. Mimosa has won 6 of 14 nominations, Ansible has won 5 out of 11, and Science Fiction Review has won 4 of 12; they are the only other magazines to win more than twice. Challenger has the most nominations without winning at 12; the next highest is FOSFAX with 7. As editor of Locus Charles N. Brown has won 8 of 13 nominations, though he shared 8 of those awards with Dena Brown. Richard E. Geis has won 6 of 15 nominations for his work on Science Fiction Review, Psychotic, and The Alien Critic; Mike Glyer has won 7 of 31 for editing File 770; David Langford has won 5 of 12 for work on Ansible and Twil-Ddu; and Richard Lynch and Nicki Lynch have both won 6 of 14 nominations for Mimosa. Guy H. Lillian III has the most nominations without winning at 12 for Challenger.
Selection
Hugo Award nominees and winners are chosen by supporting or attending members of the annual World Science Fiction Convention, and the presentation evening constitutes its central event. The selection process is defined in the World Science Fiction Society Constitution as instant-runoff voting with six nominees, except in the case of a tie. The works on the ballot are the six most-nominated by members that year, with no limit on the number of works that can be nominated. The 1955 and 1956 awards did not include any recognition of runner-up magazines, but since 1957 all of the candidates were recorded. Initial nominations are made by members in January through March, while voting on the ballot of six nominations is performed roughly in April through July, subject to change depending on when that year's Worldcon is held. Prior to 2017, the final ballot was five works; it was changed that year to six, with each initial nominator limited to five nominations. Worldcons are generally held near the start of September, and are held in a different city around the world each year.Winners and nominees
In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the work was first published. Each date links to the "year in literature" article corresponding with when the work was eligible. Entries with a blue background won the award for that year; those with a white background are the other nominees on the short-list.Note that five magazines are listed under multiple names: Psychotic was later renamed to Science Fiction Review, Zenith was renamed to Zenith Speculation and later to Speculation, Algol was renamed to Starship, Tangent was renamed to Tangent Online when it switched from a print magazine to an online one, and Cry of the Nameless, a club bulletin for "The Nameless Ones", was renamed to Cry when it began publishing more general material. No other magazines have been nominated under multiple names. Those magazines are sorted under the first name they were nominated as.
* Winners and joint winners
| Year | Work | Editor | Ref. |
| 1955 | Fantasy-Times* | and Ray Van Houten | |
| 1956 | Inside* | ||
| 1956 | Science Fiction Advertiser* | ||
| 1956 | A Bas | ||
| 1956 | Fantasy-Times | and Ray Van Houten | |
| 1956 | Grue | ||
| 1956 | Hyphen | and Chuck Harris | |
| 1956 | Oblique | ||
| 1956 | Peon | ||
| 1956 | Psychotic | ||
| 1956 | Sky Hook | ||
| 1957 | Science-Fiction Times* | , Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. | |
| 1957 | Hyphen | and Chuck Harris | |
| 1957 | Inside | ||
| 1959 | Fanac* | and Ron Ellik | |
| 1959 | Cry of the Nameless | , Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber | |
| 1959 | Hyphen | and Chuck Harris | |
| 1959 | JD-Argassy | ||
| 1959 | Science-Fiction Times | , Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. | |
| 1959 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1960 | Cry of the Nameless* | , Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber | |
| 1960 | Fanac | and Ron Ellik | |
| 1960 | JD-Argassy | ||
| 1960 | Science-Fiction Times | , Ray Van Houten and Frank R. Prieto, Jr. | |
| 1960 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1961 | Who Killed Science Fiction?* | ||
| 1961 | Discord | ||
| 1961 | Fanac | and Ron Ellik | |
| 1961 | Habakkuk | ||
| 1961 | Shangri L'Affaires | and John Trimble | |
| 1961 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1962 | Warhoon* | ||
| 1962 | Amra | ||
| 1962 | Axe | and Noreen Shaw | |
| 1962 | Cry | , Elinor Busby, and Wally Weber | |
| 1962 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1963 | Xero* | and Pat Lupoff | |
| 1963 | Mirage | ||
| 1963 | Shangri L'Affaires | , Albert Lewis, Bjo Trimble, and John Trimble | |
| 1963 | Warhoon | ||
| 1963 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1964 | Amra* | ||
| 1964 | ERB-dom | ||
| 1964 | Starspinkle | ||
| 1964 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1965 | Yandro* | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1965 | Double: Bill | and Bill Mallardi | |
| 1965 | Zenith | ||
| 1966 | ERB-dom* | ||
| 1966 | Double: Bill | and Bill Mallardi | |
| 1966 | Niekas | and Felice Rolfe | |
| 1966 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1966 | |||
| 1967 | Niekas* | and Felice Rolfe | |
| 1967 | Australian SF Review | ||
| 1967 | Lighthouse | ||
| 1967 | Habakkuk | ||
| 1967 | Riverside Quarterly | ||
| 1967 | Trumpet | ||
| 1967 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1968 | Amra* | ||
| 1968 | Australian SF Review | ||
| 1968 | Lighthouse | ||
| 1968 | ODD | ||
| 1968 | Psychotic | ||
| 1968 | Yandro | and Juanita Coulson | |
| 1969 | * | ||
| 1969 | Riverside Quarterly | ||
| 1969 | Shangri L'Affaires | ||
| 1969 | Trumpet | ||
| 1969 | Warhoon | ||
| 1970 | * | ||
| 1970 | BeABohema | ||
| 1970 | Locus | ||
| 1970 | Riverside Quarterly | ||
| 1970 | |||
| 1971 | Locus* | and Dena Brown | |
| 1971 | Energumen | and Susan Wood Glicksohn | |
| 1971 | Outworlds | and Joan Bowers | |
| 1971 | |||
| 1971 | Speculation | ||
| 1972 | Locus* | and Dena Brown | |
| 1972 | Energumen | and Susan Wood Glicksohn | |
| 1972 | Granfalloon | and Linda Bushyager | |
| 1972 | SF Commentary | ||
| 1973 | Energumen* | and Susan Wood Glicksohn | |
| 1973 | Algol | ||
| 1973 | Granfalloon | and Linda Bushyager | |
| 1973 | Locus | and Dena Brown | |
| 1973 | SF Commentary | ||
| 1974 | '* | ||
| 1974 | Algol* | ||
| 1974 | Locus | and Dena Brown | |
| 1974 | Outworlds | and Joan Bowers | |
| 1975 | '* | ||
| 1975 | Algol | ||
| 1975 | Locus | and Dena Brown | |
| 1975 | Outworlds | and Joan Bowers | |
| 1975 | SF Commentary | ||
| 1975 | Starling | and Lesleigh Luttrell | |
| 1976 | Locus* | and Dena Brown | |
| 1976 | Algol | ||
| 1976 | Don-O-Saur | ||
| 1976 | Outworlds | ||
| 1976 | |||
| 1977 | * | ||
| 1977 | Locus | and Dena Brown | |
| 1977 | Mythologies | ||
| 1977 | Outworlds | ||
| 1977 | and Jerry Kaufman | ||
| 1978 | Locus* | and Dena Brown | |
| 1978 | Don-O-Saur | ||
| 1978 | Janus | and Jeanne Gomoll | |
| 1978 | Maya | ||
| 1978 | |||
| 1979 | * | ||
| 1979 | Janus | and Jeanne Gomoll | |
| 1979 | Maya | ||
| 1979 | Mota | ||
| 1979 | Twll-Ddu | ||
| 1980 | Locus* | ||
| 1980 | File 770 | ||
| 1980 | Janus | and Jeanne Gomoll | |
| 1980 | |||
| 1980 | Thrust | ||
| 1981 | Locus* | ||
| 1981 | File 770 | ||
| 1981 | Science Fiction Chronicle | ||
| 1981 | |||
| 1981 | |||
| 1982 | Locus* | ||
| 1982 | File 770 | ||
| 1982 | Science Fiction Chronicle | ||
| 1982 | |||
| 1983 | Locus* | ||
| 1983 | Fantasy Newsletter | ||
| 1983 | File 770 | ||
| 1983 | Science Fiction Chronicle | ||
| 1983 | |||
| 1984 | File 770* | ||
| 1984 | Ansible | ||
| 1984 | Holier Than Thou | and Robbie Cantor | |
| 1984 | Izzard | and Teresa Nielsen Hayden | |
| 1984 | The Philk Fee-Nom-Ee-Non | ||
| 1985 | File 770* | ||
| 1985 | Ansible | ||
| 1985 | Holier Than Thou | and Robbie Cantor | |
| 1985 | Mythologies | ||
| 1985 | Rataplan | ||
| 1986 | Lan's Lantern* | ||
| 1986 | Anvil | ||
| 1986 | Greater Columbia Fantasy Costumers Guild Newsletter | ||
| 1986 | Holier Than Thou | and Robbie Cantor | |
| 1986 | Universal Translator | ||
| 1987 | Ansible* | ||
| 1987 | File 770 | ||
| 1987 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1987 | Texas SF Inquirer | ||
| 1987 | Trap Door | ||
| 1988 | Texas SF Inquirer* | ||
| 1988 | File 770 | ||
| 1988 | FOSFAX | ||
| 1988 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1988 | |||
| 1989 | File 770* | ||
| 1989 | FOSFAX | ||
| 1989 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1989 | Niekas | ||
| 1989 | OtherRealms | ||
| 1990 | * | ||
| 1990 | File 770 | ||
| 1990 | FOSFAX | ||
| 1990 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1990 | Pirate Jenny | ||
| 1991 | Lan's Lantern* | ||
| 1991 | File 770 | ||
| 1991 | FOSFAX | and Janice Moore | |
| 1991 | Mainstream | and Suzanne Tompkins | |
| 1991 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1992 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1992 | File 770 | ||
| 1992 | FOSFAX | and Janice Moore | |
| 1992 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1992 | Trap Door | ||
| 1993 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1993 | File 770 | ||
| 1993 | FOSFAX | and Janice Moore | |
| 1993 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1993 | STET | and Dick Smith | |
| 1994 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1994 | Ansible | ||
| 1994 | File 770 | ||
| 1994 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1994 | STET | and Dick Smith | |
| 1995 | Ansible* | ||
| 1995 | File 770 | ||
| 1995 | Habakkuk | ||
| 1995 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1995 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1996 | Ansible* | ||
| 1996 | Apparatchik | and Victor Gonzalez | |
| 1996 | Attitude | , John Dallman, and Pam Wells | |
| 1996 | FOSFAX | and Elizabeth Garrott | |
| 1996 | Lan's Lantern | ||
| 1996 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1997 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1997 | Ansible | ||
| 1997 | File 770 | ||
| 1997 | Nova Express | ||
| 1997 | Tangent | ||
| 1998 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1998 | Ansible | ||
| 1998 | Attitude | , John Dallman, and Pam Wells | |
| 1998 | File 770 | ||
| 1998 | Tangent | ||
| 1999 | Ansible* | ||
| 1999 | File 770 | ||
| 1999 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 1999 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 1999 | Tangent | ||
| 1999 | Thyme | ||
| 2000 | File 770* | ||
| 2000 | Ansible | ||
| 2000 | Challenger | ||
| 2000 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 2000 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2001 | File 770* | ||
| 2001 | Challenger | ||
| 2001 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 2001 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2001 | STET | and Dick Smith | |
| 2002 | Ansible* | ||
| 2002 | Challenger | ||
| 2002 | File 770 | ||
| 2002 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 2002 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2003 | Mimosa* | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 2003 | Challenger | ||
| 2003 | Emerald City | ||
| 2003 | File 770 | ||
| 2003 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2004 | Emerald City* | ||
| 2004 | Challenger | ||
| 2004 | File 770 | ||
| 2004 | Mimosa | and Nicki Lynch | |
| 2004 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2005 | Plokta* | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2005 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2005 | Challenger | ||
| 2005 | Chunga | , Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez | |
| 2005 | Emerald City | ||
| 2006 | Plokta* | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2006 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2006 | Challenger | ||
| 2006 | Chunga | , Andy Hooper, and Carl Juarez | |
| 2006 | File 770 | ||
| 2007 | Science-Fiction Five-Yearly* | , Geri Sullivan, and Randy Byers | |
| 2007 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2007 | Challenger | ||
| 2007 | |||
| 2007 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2008 | File 770* | ||
| 2008 | Argentus | ||
| 2008 | Challenger | ||
| 2008 | |||
| 2008 | Plokta | , Steve Davies, and Mike Scott | |
| 2009 | Electric Velocipede* | ||
| 2009 | Argentus | ||
| 2009 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2009 | Challenger | ||
| 2009 | |||
| 2009 | File 770 | ||
| 2010 | StarShipSofa* | ||
| 2010 | Argentus | ||
| 2010 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2010 | Challenger | ||
| 2010 | and James Bacon | ||
| 2010 | File 770 | ||
| 2011 | * | and James Bacon | |
| 2011 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2011 | Challenger | ||
| 2011 | File 770 | ||
| 2011 | StarShipSofa | ||
| 2012 | SF Signal* | ||
| 2012 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2012 | and James Bacon | ||
| 2012 | File 770 | ||
| 2012 | Journey Planet | and Christopher Garcia | |
| 2013 | SF Signal* | , JP Frantz, and Patrick Hester | |
| 2013 | Banana Wings | and Mark Plummer | |
| 2013 | and James Bacon | ||
| 2013 | Elitist Book Reviews | ||
| 2013 | Journey Planet | , Christopher Garcia, Emma J. King, Helen J. Montgomery, and Pete Young | |
| 2014 | * | ||
| 2014 | and Thea James | ||
| 2014 | Elitist Book Reviews | ||
| 2014 | Journey Planet | , Christopher Garcia, Lynda E. Rucker, Pete Young, Colin Harris, and Helen J. Montgomery | |
| 2014 | Pornokitsch | and Jared Shurin | |
| 2015 | Journey Planet* | , Christopher J Garcia, Colin Harris, Alissa McKersie, and Helen J. Montgomery | |
| 2015 | Black Gate | ||
| 2015 | Elitist Book Reviews | ||
| 2015 | The Revenge of Hump Day | ||
| 2015 | Tangent Online | ||
| 2016 | File 770* | ||
| 2016 | Castalia House Blog | ||
| 2016 | Lady Business | Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan | |
| 2016 | Superversive SF | ||
| 2016 | Tangent Online | ||
| 2017 | Lady Business* | Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan | |
| 2017 | Castalia House Blog | ||
| 2017 | Journey Planet | , Christopher J Garcia, Esther MacCallum-Stewart, Helena Nash, Errick Nunnally, Pádraig Ó Méalóid, Chuck Serface, and Erin Underwood | |
| 2017 | Nerds of a feather, flock together | The G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry | |
| 2017 | Rocket Stack Rank | and Eric Wong | |
| 2017 | SF Bluestocking | ||
| 2018 | File 770* | ||
| 2018 | Galactic Journey | ||
| 2018 | Journey Planet | Team Journey Planet | |
| 2018 | Nerds of a feather, flock together | The G, Vance Kotrla, and Joe Sherry | |
| 2018 | Rocket Stack Rank | and Eric Wong | |
| 2018 | SF Bluestocking | ||
| 2019 | Lady Business* | Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan | |
| 2019 | Galactic Journey | and Janice Marcus | |
| 2019 | Journey Planet | Team Journey Planet | |
| 2019 | Nerds of a feather, flock together | , Vance Kotrla, and The G | |
| 2019 | Quick Sip Reviews | ||
| 2019 | Rocket Stack Rank | and Eric Wong | |
| 2020 | and Thea James | ||
| 2020 | Galactic Journey | and Janice Marcus, Rosemary Benton, Lorelei Marcus, Victoria Silverwolf | |
| 2020 | Journey Planet | , Christopher J. Garcia, Alissa McKersie, Ann Gry, Chuck Serface, John Coxon, Steven H. Silver | |
| 2020 | Nerds of a feather, flock together | , Joe Sherry, Vance Kotrla, and The G | |
| 2020 | Quick Sip Reviews | ||
| 2020 | , Gavia Baker-Whitelaw |
Retro Hugos
Beginning with the 1996 Worldcon, the World Science Fiction Society created the concept of "Retro Hugos", in which the Hugo award could be retroactively awarded for years 50, 75, or 100 years before the current year, if no awards were originally given that year. Retro Hugos have been awarded eight times, for 1939, 1941, 1943—1946, 1951, and 1954.>| Year | Year awarded | Work | Editor | Ref. |
| 1939 | 2014 | Imagination!* | , Morojo, and T. Bruce Yerke | |
| 1939 | 2014 | Fantascience Digest | ||
| 1939 | 2014 | Fantasy News | ||
| 1939 | 2014 | Novae Terrae | ||
| 1939 | 2014 | Tomorrow | ||
| 1941 | 2016 | Futuria Fantasia* | ||
| 1941 | 2016 | Le Zombie | ||
| 1941 | 2016 | Novacious | , Morojo | |
| 1941 | 2016 | Spaceways | ||
| 1941 | 2016 | Voice of the Imagi-Nation | , Myrtle R. Douglas | |
| 1943 | 2018 | Le Zombie* | ||
| 1943 | 2018 | Futurian War Digest | ||
| 1943 | 2018 | Inspiration | ||
| 1943 | 2018 | ' | ||
| 1943 | 2018 | Spaceways | ||
| 1943 | 2018 | Voice of the Imagi-Nation | , Myrtle R. Douglas | |
| 1944 | 2019 | Le Zombie* | ||
| 1944 | 2019 | Futurian War Digest | ||
| 1944 | 2019 | Guteto | ||
| 1944 | 2019 | ' | ||
| 1944 | 2019 | Voice of the Imagi-Nation | , Myrtle R. Douglas | |
| 1944 | 2019 | YHOS | ||
| 1945 | 2020 | , Samuel D. Russell | ||
| 1945 | 2020 | Diablerie | ||
| 1945 | 2020 | Futurian War Digest | ||
| 1945 | 2020 | Shangri L'Affaires | ||
| 1945 | 2020 | Voice of the Imagi-Nation | , Myrtle R. Douglas | |
| 1945 | 2020 | Le Zombie | , E. E. Evans | |
| 1946 | 1996 | Voice of the Imagi-Nation* | ||
| 1946 | 1996 | |||
| 1946 | 1996 | Chanticleer | ||
| 1946 | 1996 | Fantasy Commentator | ||
| 1946 | 1996 | Shangri L'Affaires | and Gerald Hewitt | |
| 1951 | 2001 | Science Fiction Newsletter* | ||
| 1951 | 2001 | |||
| 1951 | 2001 | Quandry | ||
| 1951 | 2001 | Sky Hook | ||
| 1951 | 2001 | Slant | and James White | |
| 1951 | 2001 | Spacewarp | ||
| 1954 | 2004 | Slant* | and James White | |
| 1954 | 2004 | Hyphen | and Chuck Harris | |
| 1954 | 2004 | Quandry | ||
| 1954 | 2004 | Science Fiction Newsletter | ||
| 1954 | 2004 | Sky Hook |