House of Silva
The House of Silva is a Royal aristocratic family of Spanish and Portuguese origin.
History
Juan de Mena's Memorias de algunos linages antiguos e nobles de Castilla, a work of the first half of the 15th century of noble family ancestries, make the Silva "a very old and noble family and noblemen of high rank," while some writings claimed for them descent from the Latin kings of Alba Longa. Mena also claims that a member of the family fought with Pelagius of Asturias. Luis de Salazar y Castro repeated these and other similar traditions of ancient Italian origin in his Historia genealógica de la Casa de Silva, published in 1685, as well as other derivations from the royal house of Asturias.In Portugal, one branch of the family came to hold Vagos, Tentugal and Boarceos. One of this line, Diego Gomes de Silva, was appointed alfarez mayor in 1416. Of his line came Ruy Gómez de Silva, one of the nobles of the court of Philip II of Spain, making Ruy Silva the Prince of Éboli, Duke of Pastrana, Duke of Estremera, and Count of Melito.
A branch of the family became established in the Crown of Castile, after Arias Gomes de Silva was named Prince of Córdoba. His son Alfonso Tenorio Silva intermarried with the city's gentry to establish his family as one of the most powerful in the city, as well as serving in the courts of successive Trastámara monarchs. His son Juan Silva was made Count of Cifuentes, while younger branches of the Silva family were lords of Montemayor and Corral.
Although the House of Silva branches out into several title-held families, the reigning Silva family resides in Córdoba, Spain, entitled to the royal peerage.
De Silva Fernandez de Hijar
Talking about this House, it is very important, in order to understand its history, to keep in mind that, as we can see from the genealogical account above, the inheritance takes place by matrilineal descent thanks to the royal concession granted by Ferdinand the Catholic in 1483, to natural children, legally recognized, of Kings.The origins of the House de Silva, are, like all the origins of the ancient aristocratic families of the High Middle Ages, uncertain as far as documentation is concerned.
Gutierre Peláez de Silva, Lord of Lugares, Alderete de Insam y Sufam y de la Quinta and Torre de Silva, was a knight who became ”Ricohombre”, who probably, took part in the conquest of Cordoba, too, in 1064.
But whatever his historical origins were, one of the most famous descendants of Don Gutierre Peláez de Silva was Don Ruy Gomez II de Silva y Meneses Grande of Spain, Prince of Eboli, first Duke of Pastrana, V Lord of Ulme and Chamusca; great statesman and best friend/counsellor of Philip II of Asburgo, King of Spain.
From his marriage with Doña Ana de Mendoza de la Creda y de Silva Cifuentes , there were born ten children. One of them, Don Rodrigo de Silva y Mendoza II Duke of Pastrana, marrying Doña Ana de Portugal y Borja, descendant from the King Ferdinand I of Portugal, gave origin to the lineage De Silva Portugal; whereas another son, Don Diego de Silva y Mendoza, I Marquess of Alenquer and III Duke of Francavilla, gave origin to the lineage De Silva Alenquer. Lineage that from the marriage between his son Don Rodrigo de Silva Mendoza y Sarmiento and Doña Isabel Fernández de Ixar by matrilineal descent gave origin to the Italian lineage still in existence.
From his second wedding with Doña Mary Caroline Elisabeth Campbell y Vincent were born ten children of whom two, , gave origin to the two Spanish lineages still in existence, too. The Spanish lineage of Alfonso I, like it had already happened to the House De Silva Fernández de Ixar Portugal with two unions between the De Silva and the Fitz James Stuart, rejoined the descendants of James Fitz-James I Duke of Berwick when Doña Maria del Rosario de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal y Guterbey married Don Jacob Fitz James Stuart IX Duke of Berwick and XVII Duke of Alba. In this way, by matrilineal descent, the Spanish lineage of the De Silva joined the dukedom of Híjar and its titles with the House Fitz James Stuart y de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal. Whereas the descendants of Don Jaime have just the titles of Dukes of Lecera and Dukes of Bournonville, the Fitz James Stuart y de Silva hold, actually, the majority of the titles of the House De Silva.
Heraldry
De Salazar, in his “Historia Genealogica de la Casa de Silva ” writes that ”the Casa de Silva, like many in Spain, uses a heraldic device very different from the name by which it is known. Don Melchor de Teves refers that on an ancient tomb of the de Silva family there is a rampant Crowned Lion. It seems that the first to use on his shield the symbol of the Lion was the Count Don Gomez Paéz de Silva, who lived in the 12th century. He did it to remind his origin from the Royal House ; to wear in their honour the same device as the House Princes and to hand down to posterity the memory of his evident descendance from it… Drawing and painting the weapon exactly in the same way as the kings de Leon, Ovjedo and Galizia”.Other primary Heraldries which characterize the House de Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal are the ones of both the Fernández de Híjar house and of the Portugal family.
The first, of the Fernández de Híjar , shows the fusion of the lineages of Aragon and Navarra. In the shield of Pedro Fernández de Híjar we can see the five golden vertical bands alternated by four red vertical bands symbol of Aragon and the golden chains, symbol of Navarra, framed and cross-shaped with, in the middle, an emerald on a red background.
The second, of the Portugal-Noronhas , in the I and IV quarters, shows five blue shields cross-shaped, each with five silver bezants, placed to quincunx of the House De Portugal and, in the II and III quarters, the castle with the three golden towers surmounted by two crimson lions of the House of Castiglia and of Leon. The quarter is framed by nine golden squares alternated by nine blue towers. Doña Isabel de Portugal, bastard daughter of King Ferdinand I, married Don Alfonso Dount of Gíjon Noronha, bastard son of the King Enrico II di Castiglia. Heraldry joins the symbols by matrilineal descent: Portugal-antigo with the one of the Noronhas.
The three ancient heraldries, in different periods, belonging to different lineages of the House de Silva, were joined to make the emblems of the: De Silva Portugal, De Silva Cifuentes, De Silva Alénquer, De Silva Alvarez de Toledo, De Silva Infantado, De Silva Fernández de Hijar, De Silva Fernández de Híjar Portugal, De Silva Pastrana and so on. Still, always in the shape where the crowned Lion of the ancient kings of Leon dominates.
Royal branches
- Juan de Silva y de Meneses,, I Count of Cifuentes in April 1456.
- Alfonso de Silva y Acuña , II Count of Cifuentes, h. 1430.
- Juan de Silva y de Castañeda, III Count of Cifuentes, born h. 1450.
- Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, IV Count of Cifuentes, h. 1480 - 1546.
- Juan de Silva y Andrade,, V Count of Cifuentes.
- Fernando de Silva y de Monroy, VI Count of Cifuentes.
- Juan Baltasar de Silva y de la Cerda, of a second marriage, VII Count of Cifuentes. Married twice, without succession.
- Ana de Silva y de La Cerda, VIII Countess of Cifuentes, sister of Juan Baltasar, VII Count of Cifuentes, born in Milan,, in 1587, married in 1603 with Juan de Padilla y Acuña, II conde de Santa Gadea but died 29 of March 1606. Without succession.
- Pedro de Silva, called under the name of Pedro Ruiz-Girón y Pacheco de Silva, died in 1625, IX Count of Cifuentes, married twice, had children:
- Alonso José de Silva y Girón, died in November 1644, considered the X Count of Cifuentes.
- Beatrice of Silva, foundress of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady in Spain.
- Fernando Jacinto de Silva Padilla y Meneses, XI Count of Cifuentes,, I Marquis of Alconchel in 1632 and in 1644, XI Count of Cifuentes, V Sir of Villarejo de Fuentes, Sir of Almonacid, Villalgordo, Albadejo, Piqueras, Trillo, ValdeRebollo, Huetos, y Rugulilla.
- Pedro José de Silva, Prince of Castilla, General Captain of the Kingdom of Granada, governor and general of Orán y Mazalquivir, Virrey de Valencia, 1683 - 1698, + abril 1697; XII Count of Cifuentes.
- Fernando de Meneses Silva y Masibradi, Prince of Castilla, supporter of Archduke Charles VI of Austria, * 23.7.1663,+ 24.12.1749. XIII Count of Cifuentes.
- Juan de Meneses Silva, XIV Count of Cifuentes.
- María Luisa de Silva y González de Castejón, XV Countess of Cifuentes.
- Juan Bautista de Queralt y Silva, XVI Count of Cifuentes.
- Juan Bautista de Queralt y Bucarelli, XVII Count of Cifuentes.
- María de las Dolores de Queralt y Bernaldo de Quirós, XVIII Countess of Cifuentes.
- Mariano de las Mercedes Casani y Carvajal, XIX Count of Cifuentes.
- Juan de Berenguer y Casani, XX Count of Cifuentes,, VIII conde de Cron.
- Jaime María de Berenguer de Santiago, XXI Count of Cifuentes.
Lineage
- Don Gutiérre Pelaéz de Silva. Lord of Lugares, alderete de Insam y Sufam, y de la Quinta, y torre de Silva. It is certain that he went with King Ferdinand the Great to the conquest of Coimbra in the war against the Moors. He is considered the forefather of the House de Silva and such fact is proved in various genealogies both Castilian and Portuguese. He got married with Doña Maria Perez de Ambia. He had just one son: Don Pelayo Gutiérrez de Silva.
- Don Gomez Paez de Silva Don Gomez, in the year 1166, had the dignity of count that, as in those days it was not yet hereditary, was given to the “Ricos Hombres” of high lineage who were ruling either over a seigniory or, however, a very important territory. Don Gomez Paez possessed the castle of Santa Olaya and its territory, as Major Alcade. Earlier on, he had taken part in important battles: in 1139 in the battle of Campo di Orique. In 1160, together with his brother Don Pedro Paez de Silva, in two battles that the adelantado Don Gonzalo Mendez de Maya fought against the Moors at Campos de Beja, where the Christian armies defeated, in the same day, two Muslim armies. He married with Doña Urraca Nunéz Vello. His successor was his second son: Don Pelayo Gomez de Silva.
- Don Juan de Silva y Meneses Noronha I Count of Cifuentes. He was born in Toledo in 1399, son of Don Alonso Tenorio de Silva and of Doña Guiomar de Meneses Noronha. He can be considered as the founder of the count House of Cifuentes and ancestor of the Duchess of Pastrana by mother lineage: Doña Ana de Mendoza La Cerda y de Silva Cifuentes. In the year 1433 he became major ensign of the Kingdom of Castile. In 1434, as a consequence of his high dignity inside the kingdom, he went to the Council of Basel, where he behaved in such a wise and balanced way to be considered by all the people attending it, a man of great wisdom and trustworthy. “History” records that he reproached the English legates, who had arrogated to themselves the right of sitting in the Council without having the dignity, with his famous sentence : “no posa quien mal posa”, today the motto of the House of the de Silva Fernandez de Híjar Portugal.
- Don Ruy Gomez II de Silva y Meneses first Prince of Eboli, Grande of Spain. Son of Don Francisco de Silva y Enriquez de Noronha, married, on Filippo II's advice in 1552, Doña Ana de Mendoza de la Cerda y de Silva Cifuentes from whom he had ten children. He firmly opposed the centralist and interventionist politics of Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, third Duke of Alba.
- Doña Ana de Mendoza de la Cerda y de Silva Cifuentes, Princess of Eboli, Grande of Spain daughter of Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoza y de la Cerda, Viceroy of Aragon, she was considered one of the most powerful and richest women in Europe. Very young, at just 12, she became the wife of Don Ruy Gomez II de Silva y Meneses, to whom she gave ten children. She had a strong political influence on the court of Don Filippo II and she was in sharp contrast with the House Alvarez de Toledo. She was the inspirer of what was called the Ebolista Party. She is said to have plotted, after her husband's death, together with Don Antonio Perez, secretary of the King, to separate the Kingdom of Portugal from Spain and to put her son Diego de Silva y Mendoza on the throne. Discovered and imprisoned, she died confined in the tower of her Palace of Pastrana.
- Don Diego de Silva y Mendoza de la Cerda de Silva Cifuentes, Count of Salinas and Ribadeo, III Duke of Francavilla, I Marquess of Alenquér, Grand of the Kingdom of Portugal. He was a very important poet and a Spanish politician of the “Siglo de Oro”. Son of Don Ruy Gomez de Silva y Meneses and of Doña Ana de Mendoza de la Cerda y de Silva Cifuentes. His mother favoured him to his elder brother Rodrigo, II Duke of Pastrana, and managed to get him to inherit the Italian Dukedom of Francavilla from his grandfather Diego Hurtado. He married first with Doña Ana Sarmiento of Villadando de Ulloa in 1591, then with his sister-in-law Marina. His son was Don Rodrigo de Silva y Sarmiento Villadando de Ulloa, VIII Count of Salinas, then Duke of Híjar by his wife's decree. He brought a long action against his brother Rodrigo for the acknowledgement of the Dukedom of Francavilla. Filippo II of Austria appointed him I Marquess of Alenquér which allowed him to become Grande of the Kingdom of Portugal. He had many missions from the kings of the house of Austria: Filippo II, Filippo III, Filippo IV. He was appointed general captain of Andalusia and, then, Viceroy of Portugal. As a poet, he is still considered one of the greats of the 17th century, like Luis de Gongora. His poetical writings have a great lyrical sensitiveness, really appreciated by the most important scholars and editors of the 20th and 21st centuries. Even nowadays it is possible to read his works which have lost very little of the past splendour.
- Don Rodrigo de Silva Mendoza de la Cerda Cifuentes y Sarmiento II Marquess of Alenquer, Count of Salinas and other titles. Duke of Híjar by decree of his wife, Doña Isabella Margherita Fernández de Ixar y Castro Pinos, V Duchess of Híjar. Military man, politician, polemist. He had a command during the Portuguese War of Restoration. He was a political antagonist of the first Minister Count Duke de Olivares. He was involved in a conspiracy of nobles and banished from the Court of Don Filippo IV. In 1640 he was appointed general in chief of the armies of Aragon. He was charged of being involved in the attempt of “coup d’état” of Don Carlos Padilla. Which was a Pronouncement that aimed at detaching Aragon from the Kingdom of Spain and put the Duke of Híjar on the Aragonese throne. When the plot was discovered, he was imprisoned and tortured, but he never admitted his guilt, unlike the others who were put to death: He was imprisoned and kept in chains, in the castles of Leon, where he died in 1664.
- Don Jaime Francisco Victor Sarmiento de Silva y Fernández de Híjar Castro Pinos. Son, of Don Rodrigo Sarmiento de Silva Mendoza and of Doña Isabel Margarita Fernández de Hijar, was the VI Duke of Hijar, VI Duke de Lecera, VI Duke of Aliaga, V Duke of Vallfogogna, IV Count of Guemira, IX Count of Salinas. He was great camerlengo, general captain, and Viceroy of Aragon from 1681 to 1697. Because of his poor health, he gave to his third wife, Doña Teresa Pimentel y Bonavedes, the power to govern all his feuds: his daughter, Doña Petronilla de Silva Fernández de Híjar y Pignatelli d’Aragon, succeeded him.
- Don Isidoro de Silva Portugal y Carvayal. Military man, son of the Marquess Don Fadrique II de Silva Portugal and of Doña Ana Suarez de Carvayal. He was the III Marquess of Orani, Lord of the baronies of Monovar, Mur and Sollana, of the possessions of Nuoro, Bitti and of the Gallura Gemini, of the feuds of Ponalver and Alondiga. Chamberlain of the King, Knight Commander of Galizia and of the Order of Alcantara. He was appointed admiral of the Spanish galleys and after few years, he became General Commander of the fleet of the Sardinian galleys. He married Doña Agustìna Fernández Portocarrero Guzman with whom he had four children. His wife, at his death, succeeded him as a regent of the marquisate and in the administration of the family feuds. Doña Agustìna was succeeded by IV Marquess of Orani, her third child: Don Fadrique III de Silva Portugal y Portocarrero Guzman, husband of doña Juana Petronila de Silva Férnandez de Híjar y Pignatelli de Aragon.
- Doña Juana Petronila de Silva Fernandez de Híjar y Pignatelli de Aragon. She was the VII Duchess of Híjar, VII Duchess of Lecéra, VII Duchess of Aliaga, X Countess of Salina and Ribadeo and others. She was lady-in-waiting of the Queen Doña Marìa de Orléans. She married twice: first with her cousin Don Fadrique de Silva Portugal y Portocarrero, III Marquess of Orani, Baron of Monovar, Lord of Penalver y Sollana in Valencia and of the regions of Nuoro, Bitti and of the Gallura Gemini in Sardinia. In this way, with the union of the House of Híjar with the House of Portugal, the ducal house annexed the marquisate of Orani. Doña Juana Petronila had five children from Fadrique; she remarried with Don Fernando Pignatelli de Aragon, Prince of Montecorvino, governor of Galizia. She had no children from him. She was succeeded to the Dukedom of Híjar by her first son Don Isidro Francisco Fadrique de Silva Portugal y de Silva Fernandez de Híjar who became the VIII Duke of Híjar and first titular of the House de Silva Fernandez de Híjar Portugal.
- Don José Rafael de Silva Fernandez de Ixar Portugal y Rebboledo de Palafox Guzman, Croy de Havré, Lante della Rovere. XIII Duke of Híjar, XII Count-Duke of Aliaga, X Maquess of Orani and others. Seven times Grand of Spain. He was conferred the order of the Toson d’Oro. He fought at the battle of Trocadero. Elder Major-domo and Grand Master of the “Royal House” of King Ferdinand VII de Borbòn and Chamberlain of the Queen. Married with Doña Juana Nepomucena Fernández de Cordoba from who he had three children: Cayetano, Andrés Avelino and Maria Antonia.
- Juan de Silva y de Meneses,, I Count of Cifuentes in April 1456.
- Alfonso de Silva y Acuña , II Count of Cifuentes, h. 1430.
- Juan de Silva y de Castañeda, III Count of Cifuentes, born h. 1450.
- Fernando de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, IV Count of Cifuentes, h. 1480 - 1546.
- Juan de Silva y Andrade,, V Count of Cifuentes.
- Fernando de Silva y de Monroy, VI Count of Cifuentes.
- Juan Baltasar de Silva y de la Cerda, of a second marriage, VII Count of Cifuentes. Married twice, without succession.
- Ana de Silva y de La Cerda, VIII Countess of Cifuentes, sister of Juan Baltasar, VII Count of Cifuentes, born in Milan,, in 1587, married in 1603 with Juan de Padilla y Acuña, II conde de Santa Gadea but died 29 of March 1606. Without succession.
- Pedro de Silva, called under the name of Pedro Ruiz-Girón y Pacheco de Silva, died in 1625, IX Count of Cifuentes, married twice.
- Alonso José de Silva y Girón, died in November 1644, considered the X Count of Cifuentes.
Saints, Blesseds and Ecclesiastics
- Saint Beatrice de Silva and Menezes , daughter of Ruy Gomes da Silva, the first governor of Campo Maior, and Isabella de Menezes, the Countess of Portalegre. In 1447 she was lady-in-waiting of Isabella d'Aviz, Queen of Castile, the granddaughter of the King John I of Portugal. Then, after entering a convent in 1454, Beatrice of Silva founded the religious Order of the Immaculate Conception and was inscribed by Pope Paul VI in the catalogue of the Saints on 3 October 1976.
- Blessed Amadeu de Silva and Menezes. Saint Beatrice de Silva's brother, he was a Reformer of the Franciscan Order and the founder of the Congregation of the Amadeiti established in 1464. Congregation of a strict observance of the Franciscan Rule and of strict customs, it was, later on, united to the Observant Friars Minor to avoid divisions inside the Franciscan Order.
- Don Fernando de Silva and Mendoza. He was the last male child of Doña Ana de Mendoza and of Don Ruy Gomez II de Silva, Princess and Prince of Eboli. He became famous with the name of Friar Pedro Gonzales de Mendoza, as it changed his name in honour of his ancestor, the great Cardinal Mendoza, when he became Franciscan in the monastery of La Salceda. He attained fame and riches as bishop of Siguenza and archbishop of Granada. He was literate and theologist, defender of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary. Following the example of the Great Cardinal Mendoza, he was architect and maecenas, too. But while his father Don Ruy Gomez was a protector of the Arab minority, Friar Pedro was a strong supporter of their expulsion from Spain.