House of Percy
The House of Percy is an English noble family. They were one of the most powerful noble families in Northern England for much of the Middle Ages, known for their long rivalry with another powerful northern English family, the House of Neville.
The House of Percy descended from William de Percy, a Norman who crossed over to England after William the Conqueror in early December 1067, was created 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire, and was rebuilding York Castle in 1070. The name derives from the manor of Percy-en-Auge in Normandy, the home of the family at the time of the Norman Conquest. Members have held the titles of Earl of Northumberland or Duke of Northumberland to this day, in addition to Baron Percy and other titles. The Percy surname twice died out in the male line but was re-adopted by the husband of a Percy heiress and by their descendants. In the 12th century, the original Percy line was represented by Agnes de Percy, whose son by her husband Joscelin of Louvain adopted the surname Percy. Again in the 18th century, the heiress Elizabeth Seymour married Sir Hugh Smithson, who adopted the surname Percy and was created Duke of Northumberland.
Earls of Northumberland
Dukes of Northumberland
Recurring names
Recurring names in the Percy genealogy include:- Henry
- Hugh
- Joscelin/Josceline
- Algernon.
Prominent members
- , 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, Yorkshire, nicknamed "Aux Gernons", a Norman who emigrated to England at the time of the Conquest
- Alan de Percy, 2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe
- William II de Percy, 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe , who left two daughters Maud and Agnes as co-heiresses.
- Agnes de Percy, married Joscelin of Louvain either by his second wife, Clementia of Burgundy, or by a mistress. He was also brother-in-law to King Henry I, whose second wife was Joscelin's step-sister Adeliza of Louvain.
- Richard de Percy, 5th feudal baron of Topcliffe, signatory to Magna Carta. Died childless. Succeeded his elder brother Henry de Percy, the 4th Baron Topcliffe, whose son William III de Percy became Richard's heir.
- William de Percy, , 6th feudal baron of Topcliffe
- Henry de Percy, 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe
- Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe and 1st baron by writ.
- Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick
- *Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick
- *Thomas Percy, Bishop of Norwich
- Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick
- Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland , helped Henry IV seize the throne, later rebelled against him
- Sir Henry Percy, also called Harry Hotspur, helped Henry IV seize the throne but later rebelled against him, killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury
- *Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
- *Lady Elizabeth Percy
- Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, supporter of King Henry VI, killed at the beginning of the Wars of the Roses
- *Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland
- *Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont
- *Katherine Percy, Countess of Kent
- *Ralph Percy, knight, Lancastrian supporter in the Wars of the Roses
- *William Percy, Bishop of Carlisle
- Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland , Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses
- *Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland
- *Margaret Percy
- Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland , aligned with Yorkists, present but inactive at the Battle of Bosworth Field
- *Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
- *Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham, daughter of the 4th Earl
- *Alan Percy, son of the 4th Earl, English churchman and academic
- *Anne FitzAlan, Countess of Arundel, daughter of the 4th Earl
- *Thomas Percy, great-grandson of the 4th Earl, participated in the Gunpowder Plot
- Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
- *Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, betrothed to Anne Boleyn
- *Thomas Percy, participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt
- **Blessed Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland , led the Rising of the North
- **Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland
- Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland
- *Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland
- *George Percy, explorer, author, early governor of Virginia
- Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, known as "The Wizard Earl" for his intellectual pursuits, imprisoned after the Gunpowder Plot
- *Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Leicester
- *Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle
- *Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland
- *Henry Percy, Baron Percy of Alnwick, royalist in the English Civil War
- Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, Lord High Admiral of England, later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War
- Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom.
- Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset, only daughter and heiress of the 11th Earl
- Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland, son of Elizabeth Seymour
- Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, 2nd Baroness Percy, daughter and heiress of the 7th Duke of Somerset, married Sir Hugh Smithson
- Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, né Smithson
- *Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland, British army officer during the American Revolutionary War
- **Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland
- **Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland
- *Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley, second son of the 1st Duke
- **George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland
- **Algernon Percy, diplomat
- **Hugh Percy, bishop
- **Josceline Percy, Royal Navy officer
- **William Henry Percy, Royal Navy officer
- George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland, politician
- *Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland
- *Lord Josceline Percy, politician
- *Lord Henry Percy, lieutenant-general in the British Army
- Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland, politician
- *Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland
- *Lord Algernon Percy, politician
- Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland, politician
- *Henry Percy, Earl Percy, politician
- *Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland
- *Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle, politician
- Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland
- *Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland, killed in World War II
- *Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland
- *Elizabeth Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon
- Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland
- *Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland
- *Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland
- **Lady Katie Percy
- **George Dominic Percy, Earl Percy
- **Lady Melissa Jane Percy
- **Lord Max Percy, husband of Princess Nora of Oettingen-Spielberg
Family tree
This summary genealogical tree shows how the current house of Percy is related:
Coats of Arms
Paternal arms of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy : Azure, five fusils in fess or, which he abandoned in favour of right: Or, a lion rampant azure Both arms were quartered by the Percy Earls of Northumberland and remain quartered by the present Duke of NorthumberlandBuilding work by the Percy family
- Topcliffe Castle, Yorkshire, recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as held by William I de Percy, whom it served as the caput of the feudal barony of Topcliffe. The Percy family's most ancient English seat.
- Petworth, Sussex, acquired by Joscelin of Louvain, husband of Agnes de Percy, one of the two daughters and co-heiresses of William II de Percy, feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire. Jocelin's younger son Richard "de Percy" adopted the surname "de Percy" and inherited his father's estate of Petworth and a moiety of his maternal barony of Topcliffe. Richard died without progeny when his estates descended to his nephew William III "de Percy", grandson of Jocelin de Louvain, who had inherited the other moiety of Topcliffe from his great-aunt Maud de Percy.
- Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, purchased in 1309 by Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy from Anthony Bek, Prince Bishop of Durham.
- Warkworth Castle, Northumberland
- Cockermouth Castle, Cumbria, inherited by Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland and his heirs male, from his 2nd wife Maud de Lucy, sister and heiress of Anthony de Lucy, 3rd Baron Lucy, on condition that they should bear the arms of Lucy quarterly with their own.
- Egremont Castle, Cumbria, purchased in 1529 by Henry Percy, 15th Earl of Northumberland from Robert Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Sussex.
- Leconfield Castle, Yorkshire.
- Syon House, Isleworth, Middlesex, the former Syon Monastery, acquired in 1594 by Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland.