Hikmah


Hikmah is a concept in Islamic philosophy and law.
Mulla Sadra defined hikmah as "coming to know the essence of beings as they really are" or as "a man's becoming an intellectual world corresponding to the objective world". Various Islamic commentaries describe hikmah as "to know the best of things by way of the best of sciences...", having experience, using "justice in judging", "knowledge of the reality of things", "that which prevents ignorance," putting "things in their proper places, assigning them to their proper status", etc. According to Ibn al-Qayyim, the highest and most exclusive of the three levels of hikmah are "reserved for the Companions over the rest of the Ummah, and it is the highest level that the scholars can reach."
As a term of fiqh, Taqi Usmani describes it as meaning "the wisdom and the philosophy taken into account by the legislator while framing the law or the benefit intended to be drawn by enforcement". One Dr Dipertua calls it "the objectives and wisdom" as "prescribed by Shariah".
Usmani gives as an example the secular law for traffic lights, where illat is obedience to stopping at red lights, and hikmah is traffic safety -- avoiding vehicle and pedestrian collisions.