Herzog–Schönheim conjecture


In mathematics, the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture is a combinatorial problem in the area of group theory, posed by Marcel Herzog and Jochanan Schönheim in 1974.
Let be a group, and let
be a finite system of left cosets of subgroups
of.
Herzog and Schönheim conjectured
that if forms a partition of
with,
then the indices cannot be distinct. In contrast, if repeated indices are allowed, then partitioning a group into cosets is easy: if is any subgroup of
with index then can be partitioned into left cosets of.

Subnormal subgroups

In 2004, Zhi-Wei Sun proved an extended version
of the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture in the case where are subnormal in. A basic lemma in Sun's proof states that if are subnormal and of finite index in, then
and hence
where denotes the set of prime
divisors of.

Mirsky–Newman theorem

When is the additive group of integers, the cosets of are the arithmetic progressions.
In this case, the Herzog–Schönheim conjecture states that every covering system, a family of arithmetic progressions that together cover all the integers, must either cover some integers more than once or include at least one pair of progressions that have the same difference as each other. This result was conjectured in 1950 by Paul Erdős and proved soon thereafter by Leon Mirsky and Donald J. Newman. However, Mirsky and Newman never published their proof. The same proof was also found independently by Harold Davenport and Richard Rado.
In 1970, a geometric coloring problem equivalent to the Mirsky–Newman theorem was given in the Soviet mathematical olympiad: suppose that the vertices of a regular polygon are colored in such a way that every color class itself forms the vertices of a regular polygon. Then, there exist two color classes that form congruent polygons.