Heishui Mohe


The Heishui Mohe, also known as the, rendered in English as Blackriver Mohe or Blackwater Mohe, were a tribe of Mohe people in Outer Manchuria along the Amur River in what is now Russia's Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Heilongjiang in China.

History

The southern Blackriver Mohe were subjects of King Seon of the Balhae. Balhae was conquered by the Khitan Liao Empire in 926.
The Blackriver Mohe are sometimes linked with the Jurchen who established China's Jin Dynasty in the 10th century and who later formed the core of the Manchu who established the Qing Dynasty in the 17th century. At the time of their notice by Chinese historians, the Jurchen inhabited the forests and river valleys of the land which is now divided between China's Heilongjiang Province and Russia's Maritime Province, outside the range of the Blackriver Mohe, and such links remain conjectural.

Culture

The Mohe enjoyed eating pork, practiced pig farming extensively, and were mainly sedentary, and also used both pig and dog skins for coats. They were predominantly farmers and grew soybean, wheat, millet, and rice, in addition to engaging in hunting.

Archaeological exploration

Modern archaeologists on both sides of the Amur/Heilongjiang River have made a number of conclusions about the correspondence of the discovered archaeological cultures to the ethnic groups known from ancient records. According to Russian archaeologists, prior to about the second half of the 7th century AD the Lesser Khingan mountain range formed a natural boundary between two groups of archaeological cultures. West of the range, the Talakan Culture was succeeded by the Mikhailovskaya Culture, which has been identified with the Mongolic-speaking Shiwei people. East of the range, the Poltsevo Culture and the Naifeld Group of the Mohe Culture was found; the latter was identified with the Tungusic Heishui Mohe people.
According to the archaeological evidence, during the late 7th century through 10th century AD, some Naifeld-Culture Heishui Mohe migrated west of the range, absorbing the indigenous population of the area. Modern researchers surmise that the migration of some of the Mohe people west of the range during the late 7th - early 8th century may have been caused by the pressure from the Balhae further south.
Another Mohe group, the Sumo Mohe from the Sungari Valley migrated to the Western Amur Valley at roughly the same time as well. Which Mohe group arrived to the region first remains the subject of a dispute, hinging on radiocarbon and stratigraphic dating of various sites.
There is some archaeological evidence for the migration of the Sumo Mohe to the northeast, to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk as well, namely, apparent influence of the Neifeld Culture found in the ceramics of the Tokarevo Culture of the latter region.

Chieftains