Berghaus was born at Kleve. He was trained as a surveyor, and after volunteering for active service under General Tauentzien in 1813, joined the staff of the Prussiantrigonometrical survey in 1816. He carried on a geographical school at Potsdam where he trained Heinrich Lange, August Heinrich Petermann, his nephew Hermann Berghaus and others, and long held the professorship of applied mathematics at the Bauakademie. He died at Stettin on 17 February 1884. Berghaus is most famous in connection with his cartographical work. His greatest achievement was the Physikalischer Atlas, in which work, as in others, his nephew Hermann Berghaus was associated with him. This atlas should form an illustration to Alexander von Humboldts Cosmos. It was planned to publish this atlas in Britain too, together with Alexander Keith Johnston, but it later was published in a different form by Johnston alone. Berghaus had also a share in the re-issue of the great Stieler Handatlas, and in the production of other atlases. Berghaus's written works were numerous and important, including Allgemeine Länder- und Völkerkunde, Grundriss der Geographie in fünf Büchern, Die Völker des Erdballs, Was man von der Erde weiß, and various large works on Germany. In 1863 he published Briefwechsel mit Alexander von Humboldt. In 1838, Berghaus became a correspondent, living abroad, of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands. When that institute became the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1851 he became a foreign member. Berghaus is the namesake of Berghaus Island, one of the islands of the Franz Josef LandArctic archipelago.
Works
;Magazines and other literature edited with his participation
Hertha
Annalen der Erd-, Völker- und Staatenkunde
Almanach, den Freunden der Erdkunde gewidmet
Geographische Jahrbuch.
;Monographs
Allgemeine Länder- und Völkerkunde
Grundriß der Geographie in fünf Büchern
Die Völker des Erdballs
Die Grundlinien der Ethnographie
Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgraftums Niederlausitz
** Vol. 2: Randowscher Kreis und Allgemeines über die Kreise auf dem linken Oder-Ufer, Anklam 1865,
** Vol. 3: Kreise Greifenhagen und Pyritz, Anklam 1868,
** Vol. 4: Saatziger Kreis, insbesondere Stadt Stargard, Anklam 1867,
* Part III: Landbuch des Herzogtums Kaschubien und der einverleibten Kreise der Neumark; oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Köslin westlicher Teil.
** Vol. 1: Kreise Fürstentum Kammin und Belgard. Anklam 1867,
*Part IV: Landbuch von Neu-Vorpommern und der Insel Rügen, oder des Verwaltungs-Bezirks der Königlichen Regierung zu Stralsund.
Geschichte der Stadt Stettin, der Hauptstadt von Pommern - Topographisch-statistisch beschrieben nach allen Richtungen ihres politischen, bürgerlichen, merkantilischen und kirchlichen Lebens
Asia, Sammlung von Denkschriften in Beziehung auf die Geo- und Hydrographie dieses Erdtheils; zur Erklärung und Erläuterung seines Karten-Atlas zusammengetragen 1835. Map of Syria : at the