Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin ibni Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien II was the 25th Sultan of Brunei from 30 May 1885 to 10 May 1906. Before he became the Sultan, he was one of the four Wazirs in Brunei and was known as Pengiran Temenggong Sahibul Bahar Pengiran Anak Hashim. He had acted as regent when Sultan Abdul Momin became old. At that time also, his elder brother, Pengiran Pemancha Pengiran Anak Muhammad Salleh had died.
Reign
Upon his ascension to the throne, he inherited a much smaller kingdom than when his father was sultan. He faced a challenge from the British North Borneo Company and the Brooke government in Sarawak who wanted more lands from Brunei and it was not strong enough to stop them from taking control of these lands. Therefore, although he was aware of Sultan Abdul Momin’s Amanat, he still had to sign an agreement to cede Punang Terusan to Sarawak. Towards the end of his life, Sultan Hashim was 'unwilling to trust any of his chiefs' and depended 'almost exclusively ' upon the help of Edmund Roberts, Manager of the Brunei cutch works and as Director of Public Works in Brunei and Labuan.
Treaty of Protection 1888
During his reign, two important agreements were made between Brunei and Britain. The Treaty of Protection of 1888 made Brunei a British Protectorate. And another agreement was Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906. The agreement effectively made Malcolm McArthur, 'savior of Brunei', as the first Brunei Resident.
, which today become part of Sarawak, was originally part of Brunei until the reign of Sultan Hashim. However, it was after the signing of the Treaty of Protection of 1888 did Brunei loss Limbang. This treaty eventually did not save Brunei from any foreign intervention because the British did not stop Charles Brooke from seizing Limbang in 1890. In 1901 and 1902, Brooke and Hewett asked him to cede Belait and Tutong to them but he refused and said, "What would happen to me, my chiefs and my descendants? I should be left like a tree, stripped of branches and twigs."
He felt that the British were not really protecting Brunei. He sought help from Sultan Abdul Hamid of Ottoman Turkey. The British discovered this and decided to send Malcolm McArthur to solve the problems in Brunei. Therefore, the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906 was signed. Under this treaty, Brunei accepted a British Resident to advise the Sultan on both external and internal affairs except those relating to Islam and Malay customs.
After Brunei signed the Supplementary Agreement of 1905/1906, which make Brunei a British shade, then it is of interest that the brunei should have its own national flag like other countries. Design proposals have been made and agreed that the shape of the flag of the flag is based on the yellow and the irregular color ofwhite and black. all of these colors have their own symbols, yellow color symbol for the Sultan, white color symbol for the Pengiran Bendahara, and black color symbol for the Pengiran Pemancha. In 1906, the Brunei flag at that time had no banners.
Death
In 1903, his eldest son and chosen heir, Pengiran Muda Besar Omar Ali Saifuddin, died in an outbreak of cholera, as did his second son, Pengiran Muda Tengah. Mourning their deaths, his health deteriorated further He died on 10 May 1906. He was buried at the Royal Mausoleum in Bandar Brunei, alongside his father, Omar Ali Saifuddin II. He was succeeded by his surviving son, Pengiran Muda Bongsu Muhammad Jamalul Alam.
