Harriet Lawrence Hemenway was a Bostonsocialite who founded the Massachusetts Audubon Society. She was the wife of Augustus Hemenway. During the Gilded Age, it became fashionable for women to wear plumes in their hats. These plumes came from woodpeckers, bluebirds, owls, herons and warblers, thousands of which were killed each year. In 1896, Hemenway and her cousin Minna B. Hall held tea parties for the wealthy women of Boston where they urged them not to wear feathered hats and invited them to join a society for the protection of birds. Having gained the support of many of these fashionable women, Hemenway and Hall then organized meetings between leaders of the high society and prominent New England ornithologists, paving the way for the creation of the Massachusetts Audubon Society --which over 900 women joined. Hemenway and Hall recruited William Brewster, a leading ornithologist to be the Massachusetts Audubon Society's first president. Women played a critical role in the organization, counting for half of its officers and serving as leaders of most of the local chapters. The group used its political power to have a Massachusetts law passed in 1897 outlawing trade in wild bird feathers and the 1900Lacey Act, which prohibits interstate shipment of animals killed in violation of local laws. The Massachusetts Audubon Society remains independent, but it helped to organize the National Association of Audubon Societies, which later became the National Audubon Society. Hemenway was not a stranger to controversy and came from a family of abolitionists. She once invited Booker T. Washington to stay in her home, when Boston hotels refused to give him a room. In 1898, Hemenway donated $50,000 towards the construction of the gymnasium at Radcliffe College. Her home is a stop on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. Hemenway Street was renamed in her honor, from Parker Street between Boylston Street and Huntington Avenue, in Boston's Fenway neighborhood bordering the Back Bay Fens.
