Haplogroup C-F3393


Haplogroup C1 also known as C-F3393, is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of the broader Haplogroup C, the other being C2.
The basal paragroup, C1*, has not been found in samples from living or dead males.
Of the two primary branches, C1b is common in parts of Oceania and Asia. The other primary branch, C1a, is extremely rare worldwide and has been found mainly amongst individuals native to Japan or Europe and among Upper Paleolithic Europeans, with single cases known from Nepal and Jeju Island through academic studies and from an ethnic Armenian, an ethnic Kabyle, and an ethnic Han from Liaoning province of China through commercial testing.

Distribution

s of C1 are the predominant Y-DNA haplogroups among some Indigenous Australian peoples, some Pacific Islander peoples, and a few of the ethnic groups of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Other subclades are found, at very low frequencies, in isolated locations throughout the Eurasian landmass and adjoining islands.

C1a (CTS11043)

Basal C1a* was found in an Upper Paleolithic European, GoyetQ116-1..
Among the most interesting findings of recent genetic research is that living members of C1a are also rare and distributed geographically in an extremely bifurcated pattern.
C1a1 or C-M8 is now found regularly only with low frequency in Japan.
C1a2 or C-V20 now appears to be found only among European, Kabyle, Armenian, and Nepali males.
C1a2 was present in the remains in Europe by the Upper Paleolithic, including the Vestonice cluster. It was also found in the 7,000-year-old remains of a WHG known as "La Braña 1", found in La Braña-Arintero, León, Spain. La Braña 1 was part of the so-called Villabruna cluster, named after a site in northeast Italy. By the time of the Villabruna cluster, however, the dominant Y-DNA haplogroup in Western Europe was I2. further: a male from the Great Hungarian Plain, approximately contemporaneous to the La Braña man also carried it, as did the 30,000-year-old remains of a Vestonice Cluster hunter-gatherer from the Pavlov-Dolní Věstonice area, as well as a 34,000 years old Russian hunter gatherer from Sungir.

C1b (F1370)

Basal C1b* has been identified in the remains of an individual known as Kostenki-14 who died circa 37,000 years BP that was found at the Kostyonki archaeological site in western Russia. It has also been found in a small number of males from the Middle East.
C1b2 is the common ancestor of C-M38 and C-M347.
It is likely that more than 40% of Indigenous Australian males, before contact with European settlers, belonged to the subclade C1b2b known previously as C4. Within C-M347 at least two subclades have been identified: C1b2b1 and an as yet unresolved offshoot of the C1b2b1 paragroup.
C1b2a, previously known as C2, is virtually restricted to Island South East Asia, New Guinea, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Of its subclades, C1b2a1a is found at a high frequency among Polynesians.
Some members of populations in parts of Asia have been found to carry Y-DNA that belongs to haplogroup C1b1-AM00694/K281. C1b1b-B68 has been found in a Dusun in Brunei. C1b1a-B66/Z16458 has three primary subclades: C1b1a1-M356, C1b1a2-B65, and C1b1a3-Z16582. C1b1a3-Z16582 has been found in some individuals from Saudi Arabia and Iraq. C1b1a2-B65 comprises two subclades, C1b1a2a-B67 and C1b1a2b-F725. C1b1a2a-B67 has been found in two Lebbo' people in Borneo, Indonesia. C1b1a2b-F725 has been found in Han Chinese in China, Dai people in Yunnan, Murut people in Brunei, Malay people in Singapore, and Aeta people in the Philippines. C1b1a1-M356 has been found with overall low frequency in South Asia, Central Asia, and Southwest Asia.

Phylogenetic structure