Hans Westmar was the last of an unofficial trilogy of films produced by the Nazis shortly after coming to power in January 1933, celebrating their Kampfzeit – the history of their period in opposition, struggling to gain power. The film is a partially fictionalized biography of the Nazi martyr Horst Wessel.
Development
Originally, the film, based on Hanns Heinz Ewers's novelistic biography, was named Horst Wessel. Goebbels temporarily banned it, eventually allowing its release with alterations and with the main character's name changed to the fictional "Hans Westmar". One reason may have been to avoid "de-mystifying" Wessel. Part of the problem was that authentic depiction of Stormtroopers, including picking fights with Communists, did not fit the more reasonable tone the Nazis adopted while in power, and would undermine Volksgemeinschaft; the fictionalized Westmar, unlike Wessel, does not alienate his family. It was, however, among the first films to depict dying for Hitler as a glorious death for Germany, resulting in his spirit inspiring his comrades. His decision to go tothe streets is presented as fighting "the real battle." Along with S.A Mann Brand and Hitlerjunge Quex, Hans Westmar was the last of the trilogy of films released in 1933, which were designed to present an idealized account of the Nazis' heroic struggle to come to power in Germany.
Plot
The film concentrates on the conflict with the Communist Party of Germany in Berlin in the late 1920s. When Westmar arrives in Berlin the communists are popular, holding large parades through Berlin singing The Internationale. When he looks into the cultural life of Weimar Berlin, he is horrified at the "internationalism" and cultural promiscuity, which includes black jazz music and Jewish nightclub singers. This scene dissolves into images of the German fighting men of World War I and shots of the cemeteries of the German dead. Westmar decides to help organize the localNazi party and becomes, through the course of the plot, responsible for their electoral victories, which encourages the Communists to kill him.
Depiction of communism
While communism as such is depicted as the foe, the communists fall into three categories. While the party boss shamelessly transmits the party line from Moscow, and the short Jewish official incites violence and then flees, and are directly responsible for the murder, one communist is presented as an idealist fighting for the proletarian. In the last scene, on seeing a Nazi torchlight processionon the eve of the Nazi seizure of power, he is moved to salute the new Germany; Hans Westmar's example has inspired him.
Originally banned by Goebbels
The movie was originally called Horst Wessel. Ein deutsches Schicksal and was banned immediately after it was first shown in October 1933, since Horst Wessel was shown in a prostitution- as well as Christian milieu. According to the Nazi Film Review Office the film "does neither do justice to Horst Wessel's personality nor to the national socialist movement as the leader of the state." Goebbels justified the ban as follows: Only after the film was revised could it pass the censors.
