Hans Schumm


Hans Josef Schumm '' was a German-born-turned-American actor, notably, a prolific and critically acclaimed Hollywood screen character actor who appeared in some 95 films – including a co-starring villainous role in a 12-episode serial. He also appeared in 15 TV productions and several stage productions, including one on Broadway. Except for about ten cinema productions, Schumm's wikt:body of work in cinema and television was filmed in the United States. On stage and in film, he is credited as Hans Josef Schumm or simply Hans Schumm; but in seven films, he is credited under the pseudonym André Pola — three in 1948, one in 1949, one in 1954, and one 1956. In his private life, he was known as Joseph Schumm and Johann J.E. Schumm.

Career

Schumm was born April 2, 1896, in Stuttgart, Germany. Schumm served in the German Army during World War I.
While living in Stuttgart, Schumm first visited New York as a merchant at age, arriving January 1, 1924. There are at least two attributions for his acting debut, one in 1925 in Meissen, Germany, and one around 1925 in Stuttgart, performing in The Merchant of Venice with Staatstheater Stuttgart. Schumm visited New York again, arriving November 30, 1926, and performed with a German stock company in Milwaukee and Chicago.

Permanent move to New York

Schumm returned a third time to New York, arriving August 26, 1929, to work in German-language theater as a permanent United States resident.
The timing of Schumm's 1929 arrival was before Hitler's seizure of power on January 30, 1933. Germany had been in the throes of severe economic duress from post World War I, which included hyperinflation that began around 1922. His arrival was also days after the Great Crash of 1929 on Wall Street. The Great Depression had struck Germany hard in late 1929, and sunk to its trough in early 1932.
Shortly after arriving, until about 1931, Schumm lived at 160 Wadsworth Avenue, Washington Heights, a neighborhood in the most northern part of Manhattan, New York.

Move to Hollywood

By 1931, Schumm was living in Los Angeles, and appeared in two 1932 productions at the Pasadena Community Playhouse. Schumm debuted in cinema in 1933 as an uncredited bit part actor in The Song of Songs, starring Marlene Dietrich.

Die Reichskulturkammer of 1933

Back in Germany, in 1933, by decree of Joseph Goebbels under a newly created agency called Die Reichskulturkammer, Jewish actors were, among other things, prohibited from performing on German stage. Schumm was not an exile. But he worked within the Hollywood cinema community, particularly German expatriate groups, to help German Jewish exiled actors acclimate in American cinema. In Los Angeles, in 1939, Schumm became one of 60 or more initial members who formed The Continental Players, a short-lived theater company spearheaded by film executives in support of exiled Jewish and Austria.

World War II era

Schumm's film roles were mostly minor and, during World War II, mostly uncredited; though he was billed as a main actor on some film posters, including his villainous role as "The Mask" in the popular 1942 12-episode movie serial, Spy Smasher. Generally, the Screen Actors Guild for film, and AFTRA for TV and radio, establishes the guidelines for credits. The lack of crediting can be for several reasons, such as small roles, non-speaking roles, brevity, perceived mismatch between the actor and the role , cameos, extras, bit part roles. But also, from 1933 until after World War II, film credits for German-expatriates and German-American actors, particularly in Nazi-themed films, was risky for those who had families in Nazi-occupied countries, not only for Jews, but for anyone with American ties that might draw the attention of the SS. Schumm's paternal and maternal relatives were German citizens and resided there. Schumm became a U.S. naturalized citizen February 14, 1941. When Schumm was drafted under the U.S. Selective Service System, he became a conscientious objector.
In a 2015 retrospective review of Schumm's role as "The Mask" from the 1942 serial Spy Smasher, film critic Boyd P. Magers wrote, "the ultimate screen Nazi was Hans Schumm." An IMDb biographer characterized Schumm as "Nazi swine and SS.
Schumm played a character role in the 1943 film, Hangmen. The film was one of the few attempts by German immigrants in the United States to make a film against the Hitler regime.

Post World War II

After World War II, Schumm performed a role in a 1952-1953 Broadway play, A Red Rainbow.

Germany

Following a trend beginning around 1953 for American film producers to shoot in West Germany due to low costs, Schumm traveled to West Germany for work, including roles in:
The Third Sex was produced in West Germany. It was filmed from May 8 to June 3, 1957, and premiered in Vienna on August 29, 1957, in several cinemas. In Germany, the film was first seen in Stuttgart at the Gloria-Palast on October 31, 1957. Schumm played a pediatric psychologist. The film addressed homosexuality, which was controversial at the time. The underlying message, conversion therapy, is on the wrong side of science. Directed by Veit Harlan, the aim was to liberalize public views against homosexuality, and in particular, influence reform of West German laws against it. The film – specifically the version censored by German authorities under Paragraph 175 of the German Criminal Code – had the opposite effect.

Hollywood in the 1960s

Schumm returned to Hollywood and finished his acting career in 1970.
After shooting Das dritte Geschlecht, Schumm returned to Hollywood and finished his acting career in 1970.

Representation and management

Schumm was represented by Paul Kohner.

Family and marriages

Birth

Schumm was born April 2, 1896, in Stuttgart, Germany, to Friedrich Schumm and Petronella '' Jehle. He had three siblings – two brothers and a sister. His older brother, Gustav "Gustel" Schumm :de:Gustav Schumm| had been a star rugby and soccer player, and in 1912, for one year, had served as president of VfB Stuttgart and is credited for developing youth soccer in Germany, before and after World War I.

First marriage

Schumm first married – on July 29, 1931, in Los Angeles – Agnes Mellen Kent, who from a previous marriage, had two daughters – Jessie Marcellina Olivieri and Josephine Tarquini, that latter having been adopted after being rescued from the 1915 earthquake in central Italy. Agnes Kent was the daughter of New York architect William Winthrop Kent – who, as architect, was affiliated at various times with Harvey L. Page, his brother, Edward Austin Kent, Heins & LaFarge, and Jardine, Kent & Jardine. He was one of the architects of the original plan for Cathedral of St. John the Divine, including the Romanesque Revival apse. Agnes was also the granddaughter of Henry Mellen Kent, one of the founders of the Flint & Kent department store in Buffalo. Hans and Agnes divorced. Agnes had been previously married to Umberto Olivieri, a banker for 14 years at Bank of America in San Francisco, a lawyer in Rome, and a language professor for 30 years at Santa Clara University, who, in 1958, at the age of 74 — after returning to Italy and joining the Order of Saint Benedict at the Subiaco Monastery in Rome — became ordained as a Roman Catholic Priest by the Bishop of Tivoli at Subiaco. Hans Schumm was Agnes' second of three husbands.

Second marriage

Schumm then married – on September 23, 1935, in Santa Ana, California – Gloria F. Smith ''. Gloria Schumm filed for divorce late September 1943 in Los Angeles County. Their divorced became final on December 8, 1944. Gloria and Hans then remarried August 21, 1947, after Gloria realized that she was pregnant from, she claimed, actor Wallace Beery, which Beery denied. Gloria gave birth on February 7, 1948, to Johan Richard Wallace Schumm. On February 13, 1948, Gloria Schumm, on behalf of Johan Schumm, as plaintiff, filed a paternity suit against Beery, who, through his lawyer, Norman Ronald Tyre – Gang, Tyre, Ramer & Brown – initially offered $6,000 as a settlement, but denied being the father.
Gloria Schumm, again, filed for divorced from Hans Schumm on April 2, 1953, in Los Angeles County. Gloria, in her private life, sometimes used Wallace Beery's surname and, as a bit part actor, sometimes used her stage name, Gloria Whitney. Gloria, again, divorced Hans Schumm January 11, 1978, in Los Angeles County.

United States citizenship

Schumm applied to become a naturalized citizen of the United States on November 13, 1940, in Los Angeles, and was admitted as a citizen February 14, 1941. The two affiants attesting to Schumm's identity and residency were Stuttgart-born Alfred Theodor Hummel and John Harrison Rodney Pain, a British-born American gardner and woodwork artisan. Schumm was approximately tall, weighed approximately, and had brown hair and brown eyes — according to his 1942 U.S. draft registration card.

Death

Schumm died at on February 2, 1990. He was dead on arrival at Kaiser Permanente Hospital in Los Angeles from heart failure after being stricken at the Hollywood nursing home where he had been living. His body was cremated with his ashes buried in the actors’ rose garden at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Links to stills

Television

Stage

Radio

General resources

Koegel, as of 2018, is Professor of Musicology at California State University, Fullerton

Books, periodicals, collections, academic works

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