Hakodate Main Line
The Hakodate Main Line is a railway line connecting the cities of Hakodate and Asahikawa via Sapporo in Hokkaido, Japan. It is one of the trunk lines operated by the Hokkaido Railway Company. The Sawara Line, a 35 km loop line from Ōnuma to Mori opened in 1945, is included as part of the Hakodate Main Line.
The Sapporo—Minami-Otaru section was the first railway line opened in Hokkaido. The line was extended as the first to connect to Hakodate, though today all Sapporo—Hakodate direct passenger and freight services travel via the Chitose and Muroran lines until rejoining the Hakodate line at Oshamambe Station.
The Hokkaido Shinkansen route north of Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto approximately parallels the route of the Hakodate Main Line, with stations proposed to be built at Shin-Yakumo, Oshamambe, Kutchan, Shin-Otaru and Sapporo.
Train services
Rapid
; Special Rapid Airport : Sapporo - Shiroishi - New Chitose Airport; Rapid Airport : Otaru/Teine/Sapporo - Shiroishi - New Chitose Airport
; Niseko Liner: Rankoshi/Kutchan - Sapporo
; Hakodate Liner: Hakodate - Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto
Limited express
; HokutoUntil the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, these services usually operated on the 1966 built Nanae to Ōnuma section, bypassing Oshima-Ono and Niyama. Now that Shin-Hakodate-Hokuto is the major connection between the Hokkaido Shinkansen and zairaisen services on the Hakodate Main Line, these services have been re-routed accordingly.
; Kamui, Lilac
; Sōya
; Okhotsk
Former Overnight Express services
Until the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, the following sleeping car services operated;; Hokutosei, Cassiopeia: - - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - - Sapporo
; Twilight Express: - - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - - Sapporo
; Hamanasu: - - Hakodate - Oshamambe - Higashi-Muroran - - Sapporo
Station list
Hakodate to Otaru
Closed stations
- : closed since 25 March 2016.
- : closed since 4 March 2017.
- : closed since 4 March 2017.
- : closed since 4 March 2017.
- : closed since 4 March 2017.
Otaru to Asahikawa
Sawara branch line
Rolling stock
Local / Rapid / Semi-Rapid
; Hakodate to Otaru; Otaru to Asahikawa
Limited express / Home liner
; Hokuto / Home Liner; Okhotsk
; Sōya''
History
Construction of the line by the Japanese Government began with the 32 km Minami-Otaru - Sapporo section in 1880, with the 41 km Sapporo to Iwamizawa section opened in 1882 to provide a link from the significant coalmines near Iwamizawa to the Otaru Port.The line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1889, which extended the line 35 km from Iwamizawa to Sunagawa in 1891, and a further 61 km to Asahikawa in 1898.
The Japanese Government built the 224 km Hakodate - Shikaribetsu section, opened in 1902, with the remaining 28 km section to Otaru opening the following year.
In 1905 a 1.6 km line was built from Otaru - Minami-Otaru to connect the Hokkaido Coal Co owned line to the Hakodate line, and the Government nationalised the Hokkaido Coal Co in 1906.
Duplication
Doubling of the line between Minami-Otaru and Iwamizawa opened 1909-11, and was extended to Sunagawa 1924-26, to Takikawa in 1956 and to Asahikawa 1964-68. The Otaru - Minami-Otaru section was duplicated in 1965.The line from Hakodate was duplicated for 8 km to Kikyo 1941-44, with the 9 km Ishikura to Nodaoi section double-tracked in 1945. The 5 km Kikyo to Nanae section was double-tracked in 1962, and the doubling effectively extended 13 km to Ōnuma in 1966 with the construction of a new alignment for northbound trains to avoid the 1 in 50 grades between Oshima-Ono and Ōnuma.
Doubling of the 41 km section between Nodaoi and Oshamambe was undertaken in sections between 1965 and 1984, with the 13 km Mori - Ishikura section doubled between 1974 and 1979. Although the Sawara Line provides an alternative route between Ōnuma and Mori, it is operated as a local line, with all express passenger and freight trains travelling via Ōnuma-Kōen.
Electrification
The Otaru – Sapporo – Takikawa section was electrified in 1968, and extended to Asahikawa the following year with the opening of the 4,523m Kamuikotan tunnel and associated deviation.The 3 km Hakodate – Goryōkaku section was electrified in conjunction with the Seikan Tunnel project in 1988.
The 15 km Goryōkaku – Oshima-Ono section was electrified in conjunction with the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen, with the latter station renamed.
Former connecting lines
Hakodate – Otaru section
- Goryōkaku Station - the uncompleted Toi line junctioned here, proposed to service a naval base to protect the Tsugaru Strait. Construction commenced in 1937, and the 29 km line was well advanced when works were suspended in 1943 due to a shortage of materials. The Seikan Tunnel was originally proposed to utilised the roadbed of the Toi line until the route was altered in 1968 to that subsequently constructed.
- Two private railways near Hakodate were affected by the opening of the Sawara branch line between Ōnuma and Mori in 1945;
- A line was built from Mori 9.4 km south to Sunahara in 1928. The first 3.1 km of that line was rebuilt as part of the Sawara line, and the remaining 6.3 km closed when the parallel JR line opened.
- Nakanosawa Station - The 48 km line to Setana opened in 1929/32, closing in 1987.
- Kuromatsunai Station - The local government built the line to the port of Suttsu in 1920. It introduced the first diesel locomotive used in Hokkaido in 1952, and was closed as a result of flood damage in 1968.
- Kutchan Station - In 1919 a 13 km line opened to Kyogoku, where it connected to the private Japan Steel Works 7 km line to a mine at Wakikata. The JR line was extended 11 km to Kimobetsu in 1928, and a further 60 km to Date Monbetsu on the Muroran Main Line in 1940/41. The Wakikata branch closed in 1970 when the mine closed, and the JR line closed in 1986.
- Ozawa Station - A 762 mm gauge horse-drawn tramway opened to the port at Iwanai in 1905. In 1912 it was replaced by a 1067 mm gauge line, which closed in 1985. Near Iwanai the first tramway in Hokkaido, and possibly Japan, opened in 1869 as a 2.8 km gravity line linking a coal mine to the port of Kayanuma. It used timber rails and a ~1050 mm gauge, with brakemen riding the loaded wagons, and horses and cattle hauling the empty wagon back to the mine. In 1881 the line was rebuilt to 762 mm gauge with iron rails, and steam locomotives were introduced in 1927. In 1931 the tramway was replaced by a 10 km cableway linking the mine to Iwanai port, which in 1946 was replaced by a 6.3 km 1067 mm gauge line. A bridge on the new line collapsed during a typhoon in 1962, and the line was closed, with the coal mine closing two years later.
- Yoichi Station - The local government operated a 2.8 km line to the waterfront from 1933-43.
Sapporo area
- Teine Station - An 8 km 762 mm gauge line to Ban'naguro operated 1922-40. A proposed 10 km extension to the Ishikari river was not built.
- Sapporo Station - A horse drawn 762 mm gauge 11 km line operated north west to Kawabata, opening 1911/17 and crossing the Sassho Line near Shinkotoni. Petrol locomotives were introduced in 1922. The line was replaced by buses in 1943.
- Shiraishi Station - An electrified private 27 km line opened to Jozankei in 1918 for passenger service. In 1939 two branch lines totalling 8.3 km opened to link a silver/zinc/lead mine with a refinery. The ore traffic was lost to road transport in 1963, and the passenger service was replaced by buses in 1969.
- Nopporo Station - The private 57 km Yubari line was operated by the Hokkaido Colliery & Steamship Co. The initial 34 km line from Kuriyama on the Muroran Main Line to Yubari opened in 1926, including a switch-back section at Nishikisawa. A 23 km extension opened from Kuriyama - Nopporo in 1930. At its peak in 1965 the line carried annual tonnage of 1.5M tonnes of coal and another 0.5M tonnes of general freight, as well as 2M passengers. The entire line closed in 1975 after the closure of the mine in 1972. A 4.7 km branch to the Tsunoda mine operated 1927-70.
- Ebetsu Station - An 11 km 762 mm gauge line operated to Tobetsu, on the Sassho Line, although at each terminus the 762 mm gauge stations were on the opposite banks of the Ishikarigawa and Tobetsugawa rivers to the JR stations.
Iwamizawa-Asahikawa section
- Iwamizawa Station - in 1882 the Hokkaido government opened an 11 km line to Mikasa, known as the Horonai line. In 1888 a 7 km extension to Ikushunbetsu and ~3 km branch line from Mikasa to the Horonai coal mine opened, and the line was sold to the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1889. The line was nationalised in 1906, and closed in 1987. At Ikushunbetsu a forest railway comprising a 15 km 'main line' and a 3 km branch opened in 1938, and closed in 1955 to allow for the construction of the Katsurasawa dam.
- Bibai Station;
- The Mitsubishi Mining Co. opened an 8 km line to Sumiyama mine in 1914, extending the line 3 km to Tokiwadai in 1924. The line closed when the mine closed in 1972. The MMC also operated a 2 km line from Chashinai Station to a coal mine 1952-67.
- Naie Station - The Mitsui Mining Co. operated a 5 km line to Higashi Naie 1949/51 to 1968.
- Sunagawa Station;
- A 15 km branch to Utashinai, opened by the Hokkaido Coal Co. in 1891, nationalised in 1906 and closed in 1988.
- Fukagawa Station - The first section of the Shinmei line to Nayoro on the Soya Line opened in 1924, opening to Nayoro in 1941 and closing in 1995. A 51.2 km line was proposed from Shumarinai on that line to Chikubetsu on the Hoboro line north of Rumoi with construction commencing in 1959. A substantial steel truss bridge was constructed before work was abandoned in 1962.
Accidents