The Hungarian Automated Telescope Network project is a network of six small fully automated "HAT" telescopes. The scientific goal of the project is to detect and characterize extrasolar planets using the transit method. This network is used also to find and follow bright variable stars. The network is maintained by the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. The HAT acronym stands for Hungarian-made Automated Telescope, because it was developed by a small group of Hungarians who met through the Hungarian Astronomical Association. The project started in 1999 and has been fully operational since May 2001.
Equipment
The prototype instrument, HAT-1 was built from a 180 mm focal length and 65 mm aperture Nikontelephoto lens and a Kodak KAF-0401E chip of 512 × 768, 9 μm pixels. The test period was from 2000 to 2001 at the Konkoly Observatory in Budapest. HAT-1 was transported from Budapest to the Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, Arizona, USA, in January 2001. The transportation caused serious damage to the equipment. Later built telescopes use Canon 11 cm diameter f/1.8L lenses for a wide-field of 8°×8°. It is a fully automated instrument with 2K x 2K Charge-coupled device sensors. One HAT instrument operates at the Wise Observatory. HAT is controlled by a single LinuxPC without human supervision. Data are stored in a MySQL database.
HAT-South
From 2009, three other locations joined the HATNet with telescopes of completely new design. The telescopes are deployed to Australia, Namibia and Chile. Each system has eight joint-mounted, quasi-parallel Takahashi Epsilon astrographs with Apogee 4k*4k CCDs with overlapping fields of view. The processing computers are Xenomai-based industrial PCs with 10 TB of storage.
Participants in the project
HAT-1 was developed during the undergraduate studies of Gáspár Bakos and at Konkoly Observatory, under the supervision of Dr. Géza Kovács. In the development József Lázár, István Papp and Pál Sári also played an important role. More than 100 people have contributed altogether to the seventy planet discovery papers published or submitted by the project as of Feb 2020. Gáspár Bakos, István Papp, József Lázár, Pál Sári, have contributed to all of the planet discoveries by HAT. Other participants who have contributed to at least 10 discovery papers include: Joel Hartman, Robert Noyes, David Latham, Zoltán Csubry, Kaloyan Penev, Géza Kovács, Guillermo Torres, Geoffrey Marcy, Gilbert Esquerdo, Waqas Bhatti, Miguel de Val-Borro, Lars Buchhave, Daniel Bayliss, Dimitar Sasselov, Bence Béky, Andrew Howard, Debra Fischer, George Zhou, Néstor Espinoza, Andrés Jordán, Robert Stefanik, Rafael Brahm, Thomas Henning, Luigi Mancini, Markus Rabus, Vincent Suc, John Johnson, R. Paul Butler, Simona Ciceri, Brian Schmidt, Joao Bento, Thiam-Guan Tan, Mark Everett, Sam Quinn, Avi Shporer, Allyson Bieryla, Bun'ei Sato, B.J. Fulton, Howard Isaacson, András Pál, Brigitta Sipőcz, Támás Szkelenár, Chris Tinney, Duncan Wright, Jeffrey Crane, Emilio Falco, Paula Sarkis, and Stephen Shectman.
Planets discovered
One-hundred-thirty-four extrasolar planets have been discovered so far by the HAT surveys, including a handful of planets that were independently discovered by other groups as well. Sixty-three of these were found by the northern HATNet project, and seventy-one by the southern HATSouth project. All have been discovered using the transit method. In addition, a few additional planetary companions to the transiting planets were discovered through radial velocity follow-up observations, including HAT-P-13c, which was the first outer planetary or brown-dwarf companion confirmed with a well-characterised orbit for a system with a transiting planet Light green rows indicate that the planet orbits one of the stars in a binary star system.
