The fort and chapel were constructed between the 1622 and 1638. The fort was already partly built during the unsuccessful attempt by the Netherlands to capture colonial Portuguese Macau from Portugal, providing an advantageous firing position for defending against naval attacks.
Lighthouse
The lighthouse was constructed between 1864 and 1865, the first western style lighthouse in east Asia or on the China coast. The lighthouse stands at Guia Hill, which stands at tall, and has a light visible for some 20 miles in clear weather conditions. The complex was built upon the highest point on Macau, Guia Hill, and named after the same location. Today, the site is a tourist destination.
Chapel
The chapel was built around 1622 inside the Guia Fortress. In 1998, frescoes were uncovered in the chapel during routine conservation work, representing both western and Chinese themes.
Threat
In 2007, local residents of Macao wrote a letter to UNESCO complaining about construction projects around world heritage Guia Lighthouse, including the headquarter of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in the Macao Special Administrative Region. UNESCO then issued a warning to the Macau government, which led former Chief ExecutiveEdmund Ho to sign a notice regulating height restrictions on buildings around the site. In 2015, the New Macau Association submitted a report to UNESCO claiming that the government had failed to protect Macao's cultural heritage against threats by urban development projects. One of the main examples of the report is that the headquarter of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government, which is located on the Guia foothill and obstructs the view of the Guia Fortress. One year later, Roni Amelan, a spokesman from UNESCO Press service, said that the UNESCO has asked China for information and is still waiting for a reply. In 2016, the Macau government approved an 81-meter construction limit for the residential project, which reportedly goes against the city's regulations on the height of buildings around world heritage site Guia Lighthouse. Professor at Stanford University Dr. Ming K.Chan and professor at University of Macau Dr. Eilo Yu commented the Guia Lighthouse case proved that the Macao government had ignored the conservation of heritage in urban planning.