Graffito of Esmet-Akhom
The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom is the last known inscription written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, dated to 394 CE.
It is inscribed in the temple Isis at Philae in southern Egypt.
The inscription accompanies and refers to an image of the Nubian god Mandulis wearing his characteristic crown. In addition to the hieroglyphic text there is also a demotic inscription. The demotic one is dated to "the day of the Birth of Osiris, his dedication-festival, year 110 ", corresponding to. At the time, Roman Egypt had been largely Christianised, and Egypt was a separate diocese within the Praetorian prefecture of the East.
The hieroglyphic inscription:
Transliterated:
Translation in English:
The demotic inscription reads:
