Gospel Hall Assemblies
The Gospel Halls are a group of independent Christian assemblies throughout the world that fellowship with each other through a set of shared Biblical doctrines and practices. Theologically, they are evangelical and dispensational. They are a conservative strand of the Open Brethren movement and tend to only collaborate with other assemblies when there is doctrinal agreement.
Christians who meet in Gospel Halls generally hold that a scriptural Christian assembly should avoid the use of a "sectarian" name. They typically describe themselves simply as "Christians" gathered to the name of the Lord Jesus rather than adopting a denominational title, which has been a long-standing practice.
History
According to Acts 2:42 of the Bible, the first assembly of Christians commenced in Jerusalem around AD32. Gospel Hall assemblies consider this to be their true roots in a spiritual sense. As Christianity spread throughout the Near Eastern world, other churches were planted in new locations. Two popular books among Gospel Halls — The Pilgrim Church by E.H. Broadbent and Church History by Andrew Miller make the claim that throughout the centuries of church history, there has always been a remnant independent evangelical testimony, and that the modern Gospel Hall movement, which began in the 1800s, with hundreds of new independent assemblies appearing almost simultaneously in various places around the world was a recovery of numerous New Testament beliefs and practices which had been largely lost in Christendom over the centuries. One book discussing this phenomenon is an anonymous work called Assembly Life Experiences by "an old disciple", recording the story of a group of Christians who were converted in the 1859 revival in Scotland. Through reading only their Bibles they concluded that clericalism and denominationalism were unscriptural and subsequently met together to break bread and depend on God for gifting and leadership.During the Revival of 1859 which affected much of Northern Ireland and Scotland, “exercised” evangelists, such as Alexander Marshall, Donald Ross and Donald Munro, crossed the Atlantic to preach the gospel, leading to numerous assemblies being planted in United States and Canada. Norman Crawford has documented this story in a chapter of his book Assembly Truth published by Gospel Tract Publications.. Currently, there are hundreds of Gospel Halls worldwide.
Doctrinal Beliefs
Gospel Halls claim to follow the pattern of New Testament church doctrine and practice found in the Acts of the Apostles and expounded by the Apostle Paul in his epistles, notably, 1 Corinthians and 1 Timothy. Assemblies meeting in Gospel Halls do not usually print an official statement of faith, but rather, prefer to reference the Bible alone as their authority. The following basic doctrines would be held very widely among them:Bibliology
- The verbal, plenary inspiration of the Bible
- Biblical inerrancy
- Sola scriptura
Theology
- There is one God existing as three co-equal and co-eternal divine persons – Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
Creation
- The creation of the world and human beings is a supernatural act of God
Christology
- Virgin birth of Christ
- Christ is both fully God and fully man
- Christ is the eternal Son of the Father
- Christ was/is perfectly sinless and impeccable
- Christ is the Head of the universal Church
Soteriology
- All humanity is universally condemned as a result of the fall in Eden
- Faith in Christ and His substitutionary death and bodily resurrection are the basis of salvation
- The new birth is required for sinners to be made right with God
- Justification by grace alone, through faith alone, in Christ alone
- Baptism is by immersion in water as a public declaration after personal faith. Baptism contributes nothing to salvation.
Pneumatology
- The Holy Spirit indwells believers immediately upon conversion
- The ministry of the Holy Spirit in conversion, sanctification, and witnessing
Ecclesiology
- Two aspects of "the Church" – firstly the "body of Christ" composed of all believers from Pentecost to the return of Christ, and secondly local assemblies composed of baptized believers who have been received into fellowship.
- No ordained or salaried ministers/priests/pastors
- Each assembly is an autonomous locally functioning body of baptized believers
- Local assemblies are led by a plurality of pastors/elders and acknowledged
- There is no central ecclesiastical authority, formal creed, or prescribed liturgy. Although a formal liturgy is not adopted or acknowledged, the generally assumed liturgy follows what is known as the "open meeting," consisting of prayer, bible reading, hymns, and partaking of the Lord's Supper, which is common in Open Brethren assemblies.
Eschatology
- Dispensational
- Pretribulational Rapture
- Premillennial return of Christ to the earth
- Eternal kingdom bliss for the believer and eternal damnation for the unbeliever
Assembly Practices
- Visitors seeking assembly fellowship are required to either bring a "letter of commendation" or have an interview with the elders before being allowed to participate in certain assembly activities such as the Lord's Supper.
- Numerous hymn books are in wide circulation among Gospel Halls such as The Believer's Hymn Book, Hymns of Light and Love, The Gospel Hymn Book and others.
- North American assemblies generally refrain from using musical accompaniment in worship.
- The breaking of bread or Lord's Supper
- Sunday school
- Gospel preaching meeting
- Prayer meeting
- Bible teaching/study meeting
- Bible study
Evangelism and Teaching
Conferences are a significant feature of life among Gospel Halls. Many Gospel Halls will host an annual conference to which visitors will be invited to come and hear Bible teaching. Typically in the UK these will be one-day events, whereas in North America they will span a whole weekend. In Scotland, the New Year period is a popular time for conferences. The Easter weekend is also popular for conferences, with notable ones in Belfast, Toronto and Vancouver, as well as some Latin American countries such as Venezuela and Guatemala. Residential Bible study weeks are also carried out among Gospel Halls throughout the world.
Recordings of Bible teaching from conferences in Gospel Halls are available on numerous localised Gospel Hall websites and on some central audio collection sites.
Buildings
Holding that the word ἐκκλησία refers to people, not a building, they avoid calling their buildings "churches," preferring to use the title "Gospel Hall" to indicate that the gospel is preached and upheld within. They place little emphasis on their actual church buildings, not considering them to be sacred, and many of the buildings take other names, for example Bethesda Hall, Main Street Hall, Hebron Hall, Gospel Centre, or Believer's Meeting Room. In England and Wales, several buildings named "Gospel Hall" are registered for worship under some Brethren designation, however, the name "Gospel Hall" has also been used by Presbyterian and conservative Pentecostals.Publications
Literature has always been emphasized among Gospel Halls. The Scottish publisher John Ritchie Ltd. publishes material from authors connected with Gospel Halls, as well as publishing The Believer's Magazine, a monthly periodical that has a wide circulation among these assemblies. Other well-known magazines read by Christians in these assemblies are Assembly Testimony, Present Truth and Precious Seed. In the US and Canada, the magazine most widely circulated among Gospel Halls is Truth and Tidings. Missionary magazines such as Look on the Fields and Horizons are also much used.History
- Robert Baylis, My People. The History of Those Sometimes Called Plymouth Brethren, Harold Shaw Publishers, Wheaton IL., 1995. 426 pages.
- Henry Pickering, Chief Men Among the Brethren, Loizeaux Brothers, Neptune, NJ., 1918. 223 pages.
- J. G Hutchinson, Whose Praise is in the Gospel – A Record of One Hundred and Nine Irish Evangelists, Gospel Tract Publications, Glasgow, Scotland, 2002. 448 pages.
- S. Beck, Our Fathers Have Told Us, Cleaveland Inc., Bloomfield, CT., 1993. 213 pages.
- G Albert Ramsay, Sowing and Reaping in the Garden of the Gulf, Gospel Literature, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada. 1983. 144 pages. No ISBN
- Leonard Dr Buhr, Golden Lampstands of Northern Iowa, Ackley Publishing Co., Ackley, IA., 1985. 121 pages. No ISBN.
- William Williams, Rabbi, Where Dwellest Thou?, Gospel Tract Publications, Glasgow, Scotland. 1989. 80 pages.
Doctrine
- Norman Crawford, Gathering Unto His Name, Gospel Tract Publications, Glasgow, Scotland., 1985. 255 pages. No ISBN.
- Norman Crawford, Assembly Truth, Truth and Tidings, Jackson MI. 1994. 34 pages.
- Arthur G. Clarke, New Testament Church Principles, John Ritchie Ltd., Kilmarnock, Scotland. 1992. 123 pages.
- Henry Hitchman, Some Scriptural Principles of the Christian Assembly, Gospel Tract Publications, Glasgow, Scotland. 1988. 202 pages.
- Various Authors, The Glory of the Local Church, Assembly Testimony, Belfast, NI., 2008. 22 pages. No ISBN.
- Franklin Ferguson, The Church of God – Its Truth and Principles, Amainthakarai Gospel Hall, Chennai, India. 1999. 170 pages. No ISBN.
- Various Authors, Church Doctrine and Practice, Precious Seed Publications, Bristol, England. 1971. 336 pages. No ISBN