Gokula Singh was a Jatzamindar of Tilpat, in what is now the state of Haryana, India. The second of four sons born to Madu, his birthname was Ola. Gokula provided leadership to the Jats who challenged the power of the Mughal Empire. The first serious outbreak of anti-imperial reaction took place among the Jats of Mathura district, who had been challenged by the imperial faujdar, Abdun-Nabi. In 1669, the Jats challenged Mughals under the leadership of Gokula, resulting in the death of the faujdar. The freedom of the district could not be maintained for more than a year, and they were suppressed by Hasan Ali Khan, the new faujdar, who was aided by the Mughal emperorAurangzeb along with Rajputs. Gokula was put to death for not accepting Islam but taunted Aurangezeb to give his daughter in marriage in lieu of accepting Islam.
Gokula Singh left Sinsini
Around 1650-51, Madu and his uncle Singha had fought against the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I with Mughal support. During the warfare, Sindhuraj died and thus Madu's second son, Ola, became his successor. After this war, Singha along with Ola and Jat families in the fortress of Girsa, moved beyond the River Yamuna to Mahavan.
Rebellion
In early 1669, Aurangzeb appointed a strong follower of Islam, Abdunnabi, as faujdar of Mathura to curb the Hindus of the area and finish Hindus of Mathura. Abdunnabi established a cantonment near Gokul Singh and conducted all his operations from there. Gokula Singh organised the farmers to withhold taxes from the Mughals, which caused the rulers to retaliate. Although dominated and led by Jats, the rebel forces led by Gokula Singh included other local communities such as the Mev, Meena, Ahir, Gujjar, Naruka, and Panwar. They gathered at the village of Sahora where, During May 1669, Abdunnabi was killed while attempting to seize it. Gokula and his fellow farmers moved further, attacking and destroying the Sadabad cantonment. This inspired the Hindus to fight against the Mughal rulers, who were there to destroy all Hindus in exchange of Gokula Land and territories. The fighting continued for five months.
Battle of Tilpat
In 1669, Gokula Singh with 20,000 followers rushed forward to face the Mughals, 20 miles from Tilpat. Abdunnabi attacked them. At first he appeared to be gaining ground, but in the middle of the fighting he was killed on 12 May 1669. Both sides suffered many casualties but the rebels could not cope with the trained Mughals and their artillery. They retreated to Tilpat, where Hasan Ali followed and besieged them with the reinforcement of 1000 Musketeers, 1000 Rocketmen, and 25 artillery pieces. Amanulla, the Faujdar of the environs of Agra were also sent to reinforce Hasan Ali. Fighting continued for 96 Hrs/four days in which muskets and bows were used by the contestants. On the fourth day, the Mughal forces charged the jats from all sides and having made a breach in the walls entered Tilpat. Emperor Aurangzeb himself marched on 28 November 1669 from Delhi to curb the Jat threat. The Mughals under Hasan Alikhan attacked Gokula Singh.
Death
Gokula Singh and his two associates were captured alive through the efforts of Shaikh Razi-ud-Din, the peshkar of Hassan Ali. They and other prisoners were presented to the Emperor.. "Gokula was killed brutally, his son converted to Islam, and the daughter married to one of the Emperors slaves"
