Gnatia, Egnatia or Ignatia was an Ancient city of the Messapii, and their frontier town towards the Salentini. As Egnazia Appula it was a medieval bishopric, which remains a Latin Catholic titular see. It is located near the modern Fasano, in Salento, the southern part of Puglia region in southern Italy.
History
The first settlement known in the place dates from the Bronze Age. In the 11th century BC it was invaded by the Iapyges, while the Messapic era of the town began in the 8th century BC, to end in the 3rd century BC, with the Roman conquest. Under the Romans, it was of importance for its trade, lying as it did on the sea, at the point where the Via Traiana joined the coast road, southeast of Barium. It was famed for its solar and fire cult, which was described by Pliny and ridiculed by Horace. The city, an early bishopric, was abandoned in the Middle Ages due to the spread of malaria in the area, or to Vandal and Saracen attacks, or even given the last blow by Holy Roman EmperorLouis II of Italy. It is last explicitly mentioned by a Ravenna author about 700, and Benedictine historian Paul the Deacon mentions successor see Monopoli as eagerly contested between Byzantines and Longobards as late as 763.
Ruins
The ancient city walls were almost entirely destroyed over a century ago to provide building material. The walls have been described as being thick and 16 courses high. The place is famous for the discoveries made in its tombs. A considerable collection of antiquities from Gnatia is preserved at Fasano, though the best are in the museum at Bari.
Ecclesiastical History
Tradition claims it was evangelized by the Prince of Apostles Saint Peter himself. An episcopal see named Egnazia Appula was established probably before 400, a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Bari, but suppressed in 545, its territory being reassigned to establish the Diocese of Monopoli, possibly before the city itself was abandoned. A bishop of Gnatia, Rufentius, participated in the three-part Council of Rome, convened in the 501, 502 and 504 by PopeSymmachus I, and in the council called by Italy's Ostrogoth king Theoderic the Great to judge that Pope but which fully reinstated him. Apparently the see was restored or the title retained, as three later bishops of Egnazia Appula were recorded, but other documents suggest these may be spurious; even if not, the see was suppressed later :
Selperius, allegedly consecrated in 720 the church of San Giovanni de portu aspero in Monopoli, where tradition says its episcopal see was transferred as Diocese of Monopoli, which may however have been founded as late as the ninth century.
The city and bishopric were in decay since the sixth century Longobards invasion, but the time of its demise remains unclear.
Titular see
The diocese was nominally restored only in June 2004, as a Latin titular bishopric, under the name Egnazia Appula, corresponding to Latin Egnatia / Egnatin in Apulia. So far it has had one incumbent, not of the fitting Episcopal rank but of Archiepiscopal rank :
Titular Archbishop Nicola Girasoli , as papal diplomat : Apostolic Nuncio to Malawi, Apostolic Nuncio to Zambia, Apostolic Nuncio to Antigua and Barbuda, Apostolic Nuncio to Bahamas, Apostolic Nuncio to Dominica, Apostolic Nuncio to Jamaica, Apostolic Nuncio to Grenada, Apostolic Nuncio to Guyana, Apostolic Nuncio to Saint Kitts and Nevis, Apostolic Nuncio to Saint Lucia, Apostolic Nuncio to Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Apostolic Nuncio to Suriname, Apostolic Delegate to Antilles, Apostolic Nuncio to Barbados, Apostolic Nuncio to Trinidad and Tobago
