Dyer was the son of Elisha Dyer Jr. and Nancy Anthony Viall Dyer. His grandfather Elisha Dyer had served as governor of Rhode Island, and his father was to serve as governor from 1897 to 1900. Dyer grew up in Rhode Island and attended St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He moved to New York City, where his older brother Elisha was a banker and businessman, eventually becoming the senior partner in the brokerage firm Dyer, Hudson, & Co.
Military career
Dyer enlisted in the New York National Guard in 1889, becoming a second lieutenant in 1892. In 1893 he was promoted to first lieutenant and then to captain. In 1898 he became a major and in 1899, after service in the Spanish-American War, colonel and commander of the 12th Regiment. On February 28, 1912 he was commissioned brigadier general in charge of the 87th Infantry Brigade. Dyer commanded troops on the Mexican border in 1916, stationed at McAllen, Texas. His command, the 2nd Brigade, included the 71st New York Infantry, 12th Infantry Regiment, and 7th Regiment. During World War I Dyer was placed in command of New York state forces which replaced federal troops in the New York City region. Later he was in command of all New York state forces statewide until the return of Major General John F. O'Ryan. Dyer was offered the command of the New York National Guard in December 1925 by governor Al Smith, but declined because he needed to devote time to his business. On his retirement in June 1933 he was commissioned major general.
Dyer was appointed to the commission first known as the New York and New Jersey Interstate Bridge Commission in 1907, and was its chairman from 1913 on. After 1913 it was known as the New York State Bridge and Tunnel Commission, with New Jersey having its own Hudson River Bridge and Tunnel Commission of New Jersey, first convened in 1917. The commissions decided to build a tunnel, and the most serious construction problem turned out to be ventilation; Dyer as chairman of the New York commission backed the solution advanced by engineer Ole Singstad of ventilating the tunnels transversely. After testing Singstad's method was adopted, and construction began in the spring of 1922. After many delays, the tunnel was opened November 12, 1927 and named the Holland Tunnel after its first chief engineer, Clifford Milburn Holland. In 1930 the Holland Tunnel was transferred to the Port of New York Authority and Dyer was made a member of the Port Authority board. In 1931 the Authority completed work on both the Bayonne Bridge and George Washington Bridge. In 1933-4 Dyer served as chairman.
Dyer was taken to the hospital on August 21, 1934 and had an intestinal operation a few days later; he died on August 31. His funeral was September 4th; among the honorary pallbearers were Generals William N. Haskell and William Weigel and Colonels George William Burleigh and J. Mayhew Wainwright. On the day of his funeral traffic was stopped for one minute at the Holland Tunnel, George Washington Bridge, and other Port Authority bridges. Dyer Avenue in Hell's Kitchen in New York City, a north–south thoroughfare near the Lincoln Tunnel, is named after Dyer. On his retirement from the New York National Guard in 1933, Governor Herbert H. Lehman wrote, "For your splendid work in our armed forces and your outstanding activities and unusual accomplishment as chairman of the Holland Tunnel Commission and member of the New York Port Authority, in all of which you served without personal emolument or gain, I wish as Governor of New York to send you my thanks on behalf of all our citizens." Cardinal George Mundelein called Dyer, "A soldier who loves the service and considers his country's welfare above every other concern of his own—the type of gentleman our forefathers knew and of whom there are few in our present generation."
