George was the Syriac Orthodox bishop of the Arabs around Aleppo and the upperEuphrates from 686 or 687 until his death. A polymath steeped in ancient Greek philosophy, his writings are an important source for Syriac history and theology. George was born in the vicinity of Antioch around 640 or 660. His native language was Syriac, but he learned Greek and perhaps Arabic. He began his education as a small child with a periodeut named Gabriel. He became associated with the monastery of Qenneshre—where he may have acquired Greek—and was a disciple of Patriarch Athanasius II of Antioch and personal friend of Jacob of Edessa and John of Litharb. Shortly before his death, Athanasius ordered Bishop Sargis Zakunoyo to ordain George as bishop of the Arab nations or tribes. This took place in November 686 or 687. The nations or tribe that George served as bishop were the Tanukāyē, Ṭūʿāyē and ʿAqulāyē. They were generally bilingual in Syriac and Arabic. The heartlands of these tribes and thus George's diocese lay in northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia. His seat was at ʿAqula. George wrote on a variety of topics, but his most important works are his translations of Aristotle from Greek into Syriac. He translated—or revised earlier translations of—Categories, On Interpretation and the first two books of the Prior Analytics and wrote original introductions to each. He completed the seventh and final book of Jacob of Edessa's encyclopaedicHexaemeron, a treatise on the six days of Creation, after Jacob's death in 708. He also wrote a commentary on the West Syriac liturgy for baptism and communion, and scholia to the orations of Gregory of Nazianzus. Among the poems attributed to him are a sermon on the life of Severus of Antioch and treatises on the monastic life, Palm Sunday, the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste and funeral services for bishops. The poem Myron has been attributed to him, but also to Jacob of Serug. Eleven of George's letters are preserved. They deal with matters of philosophy, astronomy, theology, literary criticism, liturgy and asceticism. They are an important source for the early development of Islamic kalām. The nomocanon of Bar Hebraeus attributes to George the ruling that "a priest or a deacon who gives the Eucharist to the heretics shall be deposed".
