General Operations Force


The General Operations Force is the light infantry arm of the Royal Malaysia Police. The General Operations Force was established in 1948 during the Malayan Emergency by the British Administration when Malaya was a colony. The police service was mobilised to the field role, primarily to engaging Communist guerrillas during the emerging Insurgency. When Malaysia was formed in 1963, this law enforcement unit was then known as the Police Field Force. The title was adopted when it dropped the previous handle widely referred to as the Jungle Squad.

History

The Jungle Squad was established based on the Malay States Guides which formed in 1826. The Malay States Guides was a paramilitary force initially formed with a strength of 900 members and lead by R. S. F. Walker as the first commandant. The regiment was involved in World War I and together with Field Force Aden, they fought Ottoman forces in the Southwest of South Arabia for five years. The regiment was disbanded for reasons of economy in 1919.
The British Military Administration had mobilised the police General Duties to assume the role of the military effort against the insurgencies. The Jungle Squad was established in 1948 for that purpose against communist terrorists. Initially the new police arm was called the Flying Squad. However, it was renamed the "Jungle Squad" in the line with its major role against communist terrorists in the forest. In 1951, the Jungle Squad restructured and became known as "Jungle Company". In 1953, the Jungle Company continued to be augmented and became known by the name Police Field Force. It was under the command of the Police Commissioner of the Federation of Malaya and later Malaysia was established when the order was placed under the Chief of Police. The Jungle Company was then deployed together with the British Army to infiltrate and track down communist insurgents operating in the jungles of Malaya. The strength of a single platoon then consisted of a mixture of 15 personnel led by a Lance Corporal to an Inspector. Over the period covering the Malayan Emergency the Police Field Force suffered over 1,000 casualties.
The Police Field Force was also involved during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontations. In various actions during the Confrontation, the Police Field Force detained Indonesian irregulars sent to the peninsula, with the view of running clandestine operations on Malaysian soil. Following the May 13, 1969 incident, the Malaysian government realised the importance of a mobile and independent team and more capable to the facing of public order situations.
Following the disarmament of the Malayan Communist Party on 2 December 1989, the Police Field Force was reformed with attenuation from 21 battalions to 17 battalions on 1 September 1994. PPH changed its name to the General Operations Force on 20 October 1997. On 11 November 1997, the submission of the RMP pennants ceremony officiated by the King of Malaysia. This change of name in accordance with the rating duties GOF background itself. Prior to this duties in GOF associated with the forest for combating the communist threats. After communist disarmed on 2 December 1989, GOF task has changed in the scenario is more varied.

Organisations

Prior to 1997, besides the regular Jungle Squad, there were a few specialised units attached to Police Field Forces:
After GOF restructuring, the Jungle Squad 69 was separated into a new police command while Senoi Praaq was absorbed into GOF and renamed to 'GOF 3rd Battalion'. Border Scouts and UKK were disbanded and its members absorbed into the GOF battalions and regular police forces. UPP was then formed into a federal agency whose members are drawn from the Royal Malaysian Police, Royal Malaysian Customs and Immigration Department of Malaysia. The UPP later renamed to Agensi Keselamatan Sempadan in 2015.
At present, the Royal Malaysia Police General Operations Force is organised along military lines consisting of brigades, battalions, companies, platoons and sections deployed where needed.

GOF Brigades

There are currently five brigades located in both Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia and every Brigade is headed by those ranked Senior Assistant Commissioner II or above. The five GOF brigades are:
  1. GOF Northern Brigade; based in Ulu Kinta, Perak
  2. GOF Central Brigade; based in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
  3. GOF Southeast Brigade; based in Kuantan, Pahang
  4. GOF Sarawak Brigade; based in Kuching, Sarawak
  5. GOF Sabah Brigade; based in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah
The number of GOF battalions under command of GOF brigades varies based on local needs. The Central and Sabah Brigades are composed of five battalions each. The Northern Brigade contains four battalions while the Southeast and Sarawak Brigades are composed of three battalions each.

GOF Battalions

GOF has a strength of 20 battalions located in both Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia with each commanded by a Police Superintendent. Each battalion consists of about three infantry companies and one mortar platoon.

Senoi Praaq

The Senoi Praaq means War People in the language of the Semai Indigenous people of Peninsula Malaysia. The formation was moved to the Police Field Force in 1968 and increased to two battalions. The Senoi Praaq were established in 1957 employed with tracking and security roles, apart from performing the main function of contact to the aborigines peoples. Manned by the aborigines of Peninsular Malaysia that were skilled for their jungle tracking, it was successful in engaging the communist terrorists during the Malayan Emergency. The Senoi Praaq can be distinguished from other mainline GOF Battalions by the use of the distinctive maroon beret and red hackle.

Tiger Platoon

With the separation of 69 Commando, which now part of the Pasukan Gerakan Khas, the General Operations Force Command established new versatile units with Special Operations capability to operate in all GOF Brigades. These elite platoons were formed for special assignments, covert and overt operations and Search And Rescue, and are known generally as the Tiger Platoons.
Tiger Platoons from GOF Sabah and Sarawak Brigades actively operates as the region main special operations forces as both states are far from Pasukan Gerakan Khas Headquarters.

GOF roles

The General Operations Force are deployed, equipped and trained for specified roles in times of peace and during emergencies. The various roles include neutralising armed criminals, border patrols, counter terrorism, anti piracy and maritime security. The GOF also assists in general duties such as public security, close quarters combat in urban settings and anti smuggling patrols. In times of conflict or emergency, GOF brigades are used primarily for assigned duties in counter-terrorism and anti - guerrilla warfare. A brigade is essentially trained, equipped and organised for paramilitary roles in the field and also for insertion in major urban conurbations. All personnel are drawn from mainline Police Training Schools and inducted to GOF Training Centres, with the view of completing the study of anti guerrilla warfare and military training courses before graduating to GOF Battalions. Where borders are perilously dangerous, GOF units are deployed in localised security sweeps and defence operations. The GOF also employs units in riots and disturbances where necessary.

Training

The first Training Centre was based at Sik, Kedah in 1949. Successful candidates trained there were sent on to the Police Field Force. Another School for the Police Field Force was opened in Sungai Buloh, Selangor with the aim of conducting basic training and refresher courses. In 1953, one new training centre was established in Dusun Tua, Hulu Langat, Selangor renamed the Jungle Squad Training Centre. In year 1964, the SLPPH was transferred to Kroh, Perak following the closure of the first two centres. The training centre itself was transferred again to Kentonmen, Ulu Kinta, Perak. In 1997, the training centre is renamed to Sekolah Latihan Pasukan Gerakan Am, SLPGA in line with the change of name of the Police Field Force to current Pasukan Gerakan Am. On 22 September 2006, the training centre once again change its name to Pusat Latihan PGA .
It is a must for GOF police officers to enter the GOF Basic Course. The course last for 14 weeks and they together with Senoi Praaq trainees need to attend Public Order Reserve Unit before they can graduate.
The modules of the GOF Basic Course are:
To enter the elite Senoi Praaq Battalions, Malaysian aboriginal needs to enter Orang Asli Constable Basic Course which last for six months. This course is a collaborations between the RMP and Department of Orang Asli Development.

Headquarters

BattalionSpecialityHeadquarters
GOF 1st BattalionUlu Kinta, Perak
GOF 2nd BattalionKulim, Kedah
GOF 3rd Battalion Special TrackerBidor, Perak
GOF 4th BattalionSemenyih, Selangor
GOF 5th BattalionSimpang Renggam, Johor
GOF 6th BattalionBakri, Muar, Johor
GOF 7th BattalionKuantan, Pahang
GOF 8th BattalionPengkalan Chepa, Kelantan
GOF 9th BattalionKubang Badak, Terengganu
GOF 10th BattalionSibu, Sarawak
GOF 11th BattalionKuching, Sarawak
GOF 12th BattalionMiri, Sarawak
GOF 14th BattalionTawau, Sabah
GOF 15th BattalionSandakan, Sabah
GOF 16th BattalionKota Kinabalu, Sabah
GOF 17th BattalionLahad Datu, Sabah
GOF 18th Battalion Special TrackersPengkalan Hulu, Perak
GOF 19th BattalionArea Security of VVIPCheras, Kuala Lumpur
GOF KLIA Special BattalionSpecial Airport SecurityCheras, Kuala Lumpur
GOF 20th BattalionESSZONE SecurityBeluran, Sabah
Tiger PlatoonSpecial Operations CapableEvery GOF Brigades Headquarter

The GOF battalions will be assisted by armoured car from:
  1. 1st Armored Squadron Kulim, Kedah
  2. 3rd Armored Squadron Ulu Kinta, Perak
  3. 5th Armored Squadron Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
  4. 7th Armored Squadron Bakri, Muar, Johor
  5. 9th Armored Squadron Kuantan, Pahang
  6. 11th Armored Squadron Kuching, Sarawak

    Current Task

The Police GOF was successful in dealing with the armed rebellion led by the communist terrorists in Malaysia. Today the roles of the General Operations Force includes border and maritime security, anti piracy patrols, counter-terrorism, public security, search and rescue and organised crime.
On 20 October 1997, the Police Field Force letterhead was changed to the new title; the General Operations Force or Pasukan Gerakan Am composed of 17 battalions organised in five brigades, deployed in both Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia.
In June 2004, one specialised battalion was tasked for VVIP security. It is the GOF 19th Battalion, based in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.
In 2008, the GOF 20th Battalion was established and tasked specifically for airport special security in KLIA. The battalion then renamed to GOF KLIA Special Battalion.
In February 2014, after the Lahad Datu standoff, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak agrees to establish a new GOF brigade task to control Eastern Sabah Security Zone. The new brigade is named GOF 20th Battalion.

Future Plans

Royal Malaysian Police wishes to add another GOF Battalion based in Kunak, Sabah to provide security to ESSZONE and will be known as 21st Battalion. With this addition, the Sabah Brigade will be split into two different brigades which is Northern Sabah Brigade and Eastern Sabah Brigade.

Killed in the line of duty

Rank/No.NameYear of DeathNotes
PCFaridon Abd. Ghani1971Killed during Operation Selamat Sawadi Salam in Thailand
CplBujang Sintal1973Killed during Operation Paradom in Sibu, Sarawak
CplLee Han Cheong1973Killed during Operation Nuasa in Sungai Siput, Perak
CplWong Poi Hoi1973Killed during an operation in Sarawak
PCSuparman Nasron1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCMohd. Zahid Jumangat1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCMaduain Wahab1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCAbu Nordin Ibrahim1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCMohd. Nor Tumin1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCAlizar Serunan1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCMaan Ahmad Siraj1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PCSaian Sauman1975Killed by communist ambush during Operation Ukur in Sadau, Thailand. A platoon of Jungle Squad from Police Field Force together with their Thailand counterpart escorting a topography team from the National Mapping Agency to measure Malaysia-Thailand border. The ambush killed 15 people, including eight from the Jungle Squad, three from National Mapping Agency and four from Royal Thai Police.
PC 49614Abd. Hamid Mohamad1975Killed during morning physical training when subversive elements throws two grenades inside Police Field Force Central Brigade Camp in Kuala Lumpur. The grenades killed two Jungle Squad policemen and injured another 48.
PC 46955Mohd. Yusof Abd. Rahman1975Killed during morning physical training when subversive elements throws two grenades inside Police Field Force Central Brigade Camp in Kuala Lumpur. The grenades killed two Jungle Squad policemen and injured another 48.
PC 59367Ahmad Yassin1979Killed during Operation Ulu Rening in Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor
SgtAbd Azis Sarikon2013Killed by Sulu militants during the Lahad Datu invasion in Kampung Simunul, Semporna on 2 March 2013. Four officers were fatally shot.
L/CplM.Azrul Tukiran2013Killed by Sulu militants during the Lahad Datu invasion in Kampung Simunul, Semporna on 2 March 2013. Four officers were fatally shot.

Keramat Pulai incidents

On 3 June 1976, 35 recruits from Police Field Force members has been ambushed by the communist bandits at Bukit Keramat Pulai, Perak during their final phase of Basic Jungle Squad Training. During the incident at 12:45pm, Cpl 31507 Ridzuan who was a platoon leader as well as drill instructor was fatally shot in his side of eye. Three trainees TPC 63897 Zainal, TPC 63899 Yusof and TPC 64010 Md. Saad were also killed about 15 metres from the communist control post. However, TPC 60899 Mohamad Salim and his teammates returned enemy fire. Shortly, this platoon successfully captured the communist stronghold which was modified to look like a house after the communist retreated after receiving violent opposition from the trainees. On extraordinary courage, TPC 60899 Mohamad Salim and TPC Mohammad Noh Hashim were both awarded the Panglima Gagah Berani one year later.

Operations

The firearms used by GOF during the year 1948 - 1980s.
The firearms used by GOF during the year 1980 - presents.