Futaleufú is a Chilean town and commune located in Northern Patagonia. Located at the confluence of the Espolon and Futaleufú river valleys 10 kilometers from the Argentinian border, Futaleufú is the provincial capital of Palena Province, Los Lagos Region. Futaleufu is a frontier town with a growing tourism industry based on adventure tourism—most specifically whitewater rafting—but also fishing, mountain biking, trekking, and canyoning. Located 7 miles from the Argentinian border, Futaleufu is most easily accessed from airports in Esquel and Bariloche, Argentina. The town is named after the crystal blue Futaleufú River, widely considered to be one of the best whitewater rafting rivers in the world. The name Futaleufu derives from a Mapudungun word meaning "Big River". The town has a population of about 2,000, growing slightly during the summer rafting and kayaking season. The main income for the community is whitewater kayaking and rafting, together with fly fishing and other associated outdoor sports. Many original residents raise sheep, cattle and practice small scale subsistence farming. A gravel road links the town to Trevelin in Argentina and to the Carretera Austral. It is served by Futaleufú Airfield. Following the eruption of Chaitén Volcano and the subsequent destruction of Chaitén, Futaleufú has been the administrative capital of Palena Province since March 2009.
Climate
Futaleufú has an oceanic climate with some drying trend in summer. Winters are cool and wet but mild with a July average of. During this time of the year, precipitation is very high, averaging around from June to August and humidity is high, averaging around 77–86%. Few days are dry in winter, since there are 18–19 days with measurable precipitation from June to August. Snowfalls occur in most years though prolonged snowfall events are uncommon. Summers are drier and mild with a January average of and during this time, precipitation is lower, averaging in February, the driest month. However, precipitation during the summer months are highly variable; in some years, many days can go without a day of precipitation such as the case in 1987 when only of precipitation was recorded in January while in other years, some monthly precipitation can exceed such as in January 1974. Temperatures can occasionally exceed anytime from September to May. The average annual precipitation is and there are 169 days with measureable precipitation although this can vary widely from year to year, ranging from a high of in 1971 to a low of only in 1998. The record high was on December 1956 and the record low was in July 2007.
Demographics
According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Futaleufú spans an area of and has 1,826 inhabitants. Of these, 1,153 lived in urban areas and 673 in rural areas. The population grew by 5.2% between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. As a border town, many families are of mixed Chilean and Argentinian heritage. Tourism is also changing the demographic composition of Futaleufú as young families from Santiago, Argentina, Brazil, Western Europe and North America have immigrated in recent years.
The Futaleufú River is commonly rated by specialized media as one of the best rivers in the world for kayaking and rafting,. The river flows in from Argentina, through the town, and empties into the fjord-shaped Yelcho Lake. Day trips and multi-day trips are available on "the Futa" while several of its tributaries, such as the Espolón River and the Azul River, can be rafted, canoed, or navigated by boat. Lonconao Lake, which is fed by aquifers and not glaciers, is best for swimming and water sports. Yelcho and Espolón Lakes are larger, glacially fed, and offer world class fly fishing. Both larger lakes feature remote landscapes such as waterfalls, remote bays, and old growth forests which are inaccessible by road, so boating and sea kayaking are highly recommended. Fly fishing is also possible on the Futaleufú River, the Yelcho River and Espolon River, which is the largest tributary of the Futaleufú and contains brown trout and rainbow trout, as well as salmon in April and May. Other nearby attractions include the Futaleufú National Reserve, known for its population of Huemul, and Pumalín Park, Chile's largest private nature reserve. Pumalín is a public-access park, with an extensive infrastructure of trails, campgrounds, and visitor centres. La Hoya, an Argentinian ski resort with 2000 feet of vertical drop and one of the longest ski seasons in South America, is a 70-minute drive from Futaleufú. Another attraction across the Argentinian border is Los Alerces National Park, a UNESCO protected reserve which features the Futaleufu River headwaters and one of the oldest Alerce forests in the world, with trees up to 2,600 years old. Canyoning and rappelling is also possible in the Futaleufú valley, with its numerous ravines and waterfalls, as well as horse riding and mountain biking.
