Fusako Shigenobu


Fusako Shigenobu is a Japanese communist and the former leader and founder of the now disbanded Japanese Red Army.

Early life

Shigenobu was born on 28 September 1945 in the Setagaya ward of Tokyo. Her father was a teacher at a terakoya or temple school open for poor village children at temples in the south Japanese Kyushu region after World War I. He later became a major in the Imperial Japanese Army dispatched to Manchukuo.
After high school, she went to work for the Kikkoman corporation, and took college courses at night at Meiji University.

Involvement in the student movement

Shigenobu received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Economy and in History from Meiji University. While there, she joined the student movement that was protesting the increase of tuition fees, and this led her to activism in the general leftist student movement of the 1960s. She rose up the ranks of the movement to become one of its top leaders.

Japan Red Army

In February 1971, she and Tsuyoshi Okudaira went to the Middle East to create international branches of the Japanese Red Army. Upon arrival, she soon split with the Red Army Faction in Japan due to both geographical and ideological distance, as well as a personal conflict with the new leader, Tsuneo Mori.https://unseenjapan.com/united-red-army-japan/ The Red Army went on to link up with the Maoist Revolutionary Left Wing of the Japanese Communist Party to form the United Red Army. Upon hearing about the internal purge the United Red Army carried out in the winter of 1971–1972, Shigenobu recalls her shock and sorrow. She and Okudaira wrote My Love, My Revolution as a response.
Shigenobu remained in the Middle East for more than 30 years. Her move was part of International Revolutionary Solidarity, with the idea that revolutionary movements should cooperate and eventually lead to a global socialist revolution. Her destination was Lebanon, and her aim was to support the Palestinian cause. She originally joined the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine as a volunteer, but eventually the JRA became an independent group. She mentions in several of her books "The mission's purpose was to consolidate the international revolutionary alliance against the imperialists of the world."
Shigenobu was listed as a wanted person by the INTERPOL in 1974 after the French embassy hostage-taking in Hague in which she was believed to be involved.

Arrest

Shigenobu returned to Japan sometime in July 2000. She was taken in for questioning from a hotel in Takatsuki, near Osaka, in November of that year. Japanese citizens were startled to see a handcuffed middle-aged woman emerge from a train arriving in Tokyo. When Shigenobu spotted the waiting cameras, she raised her hands and gave the thumbs-up, shouting at reporters: "I'll fight on!"
She was sentenced to 20 years in prison on 8 March 2006, and received a final verdict from the Japanese Supreme Court in 2010 with the same terms. The prosecution charged her on three counts, the use of forged passport, aiding another member in the JRA in obtaining a forged passport, and attempted manslaughter by planning and commanding the 1974 occupation and hostage taking at the French embassy in The Hague, the Netherlands. Shigenobu pleaded guilty to the first two charges, but not guilty to the charge linking her to the 1974 embassy hostage taking. Among the witnesses that appeared in her court for the defense was Leila Khaled, known for the 1969 hijacking of TWA Flight 840, and currently a member of the Palestinian National Council. In his final verdict, the judge stated that there was no conclusive evidence of her involvement in the armed occupation of the embassy that resulted in the injury of two policemen, or in the intention of attempted manslaughter, but sentenced her for possibly conspiring with members of her group to occupy the embassy.
Shigenobu still endorses the same cause, unapologetically claiming that the verdict is only the start of a stronger movement, remaining convinced that she should not have been convicted, claiming that since her group's activities were politically motivated, she should have been offered a "political way out of the situation". At a press conference before the sentence in February 2006, her lawyers read a haiku she had composed: "The verdict is not the end. It is only the beginning. Strong will shall keep spreading."
In December 2008, she was diagnosed with colon and intestinal cancer and has had three operations to remove them. She is currently detained in :ja:国際法務総合センター|International Law Center.

Personal life

Fusako Shigenobu is the mother of the journalist Mei Shigenobu, who was born in 1973 in Beirut, Lebanon.

In popular culture