Frigidarium


A frigidarium is a large cold pool at the Roman baths. When entering the bath house, one would go through the apodyterium, where they would store their clothes. After the caldarium and the tepidarium, which were used to open the pores of the skin, the frigidarium would be reached. The cold water would close the pores, however, hot water will open them. There would be a small pool of cold water or sometimes a large swimming pool. The water could be also kept cold by using snow.
The frigidarium was usually located on the northern side of the baths. The largest examples of frigidarium were both in Rome: that of the Baths of Caracalla, located soon after the entrance, measures 58 x 24 m, and that of the Baths of Diocletian, covered by a groin vault. Some, like one in Pompeii, had a circular plan.

History

Individual standing hot water tubs were replaced by collective pools and the development of hypocaust heating. This led to various types of heated rooms including caldarium, tepidarium, laconicum/sudatorium, and the frigidarium.

Baths of Trajan

The Baths of Trajan contained a double apse and were "paved with a remarkable mosaic representing the Triumph of Bacchus and the Dionysiac cycle." The mosaic is now at the Bardo National Museum in Tunis.