According to the historian Simon Dubnow, Jews are a nation on the spiritual and intellectual level and should strive towards their national and cultural autonomy in the Jewish diaspora in some way a secularized and modernized version of the Council of Four Lands under the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He said, "How then should Jewish autonomy assert itself? It must, of course, be in full agreement with the character of the Jewish national idea. Jewry, as a spiritual or cultural nation, cannot in the Diaspora seek territorial or political separatism, but only a social or a national-cultural autonomy." Close to the General Jewish Labour Bund for the emphasis on Yiddish and its culture, it differed from that party by its middle class, craftsmen and intellectual base, but also because of its ideological options. According to Dubnov, Jewish assimilation was not a natural phenomenon and the Jewish political struggle should be centered on a Jewish autonomy based upon community, language and education, and not upon class struggle as advocated by Bundist theorists. It was a liberal party in economic matters, committed to political democracy and secularism.
A local organization and a newspaper, Warszawer Togblat, was set up in Warsaw in 1916 in order to contend for the municipal elections, where they gained 4 seats, including Noach Pryłucki, one of the founders of the party's newspaper, later renamed as 'Der Moment'. He was also elected at the 1919 Constituent Sejm, but had to resign for a citizenship matter. In the 1922-27 Polish Parliament Noach Pryłucki was the only Folkist MP out of 35 Jewish MPs. He was elected on the list of the Bloc of National Minorities. The party split in 1927 between the Warsaw branch, led by Pryłucki, and the Vilnius branch, led by Dr. Zemach Shabad, less hostile to Zionism than the Warsaw branch but more Yiddish-centered. After the split the party seems to have declined, with an attempt to revitalize it in Warsaw in 1935. At the 1936 Jewish community elections in Warsaw, the Folkspartei only got 1 seat out of 50, while the Bund got 15.
Folkspartei in Lithuania
Lawyer and banker Shmuel Landau, later municipal councillor in Ponevezh, was elected for the Folkspartei on a common Jewish electoral list at the first elected Lithuanian Parliament in 1920 when there were 6 Jewish parties deputies out of 112. Vilnius, where Jews formed the majority of the population, was incorporated into Poland in 1922-1939, and also sent at least one Folkist to the Polish Parliament, Zemach Shabad. The next elections were rigged against the Polish and Jewish minorities, but the Seimas was dissolved and another Folkist, the lawyer Oizer Finkelstein, was elected in 1923 on a national minorities bloc. In 1926, a coup d'état took place in Lithuania and the parliament was dissolved in 1927. The Folkist newspaper in interwar Lithuania was the Folksblat, published in Kaunas.
Additional bibliography
Mark Kiel, "The Ideology of the Folks-Partey," Soviet Jewish Affairs 5 :75-89
