In academia, a Festschrift is a book honoring a respected person, especially an academic, and presented during their lifetime. It generally takes the form of an edited volume, containing contributions from the honoree's colleagues, former pupils, and friends. Festschriften are often titled something like Essays in Honour of... or Essays Presented to....
Terminology
The term, borrowed from German, and literally meaning "celebration writing", might be translated as "celebration publication" or "celebratory writing". An alternative Latin term is liber amicorum. A comparable book presented posthumously is sometimes called a Gedenkschrift, but this term is much rarer in English.
History
Originating in Germany before World War I, this European tradition of honoring special achievements in science and culture was carried to the United States by scientists who escaped the Nazis. In the second half of the 20th century, the practice became used internationally. Since no English term for such a book to mark a special occasion had been in use, the German word Festschrift has been incorporated into the English language and is frequently used without the italics that designate a foreign term, although the capitalization of the first letter is usually retained from German. Its plural may be either the original Festschriften or anglicized as Festschrifts.
Description
A Festschrift contains original contributions by the honored academic's close colleagues, often including their former doctoral students. It is typically published on the occasion of the honoree's retirement, significant birthday, or other notable career anniversary. A Festschrift can be anything from a slim volume to a work in several volumes. Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, for example, began in 1972 as a Festschrift to commemorate the 75th birthday of Joseph Vogt, a German classical historian. Four volumes were planned, but it has since reached 89 volumes. The essays usually relate in some way to, or reflect upon, the honoree's contributions to their scholarly field, but can include important original research by the authors. Many Festschriften also feature a tabula gratulatoria, an extended list of academic colleagues and friends who send their best wishes to the honoree. In the case of prominent academics, several Festschriften might be prepared by various groups of students and colleagues, particularly if the scholar made significant contributions to different fields. In Germany it is an honor to be designated to prepare such a collection, and being selected by a prominent academic to edit a Festschrift, according to Claudio Naranjo, can symbolize the proverbial passing of the torch.
Webfestschrift
A Festschrift compiled and published by electronic means on the internet is called a Webfestschrift, a term coined by the editors of the late Boris Marshak's Webfestschrift, Eran ud Aneran, published online in October 2003. The corresponding Webgedenkschrift does not appear to be in frequent use as of 2015.
Critique
, a Canadian neuroscientist, proposed that "a Festschrift frequently enough also serves as a convenient place in which those who are invited to contribute find a permanent resting place for their otherwise unpublishable or at least difficult-to-publish papers." As Irving Louis Horowitz summarized, "Festschriften persist and multiply. Why? Because they are not just retrospective, but prospective. That is to say the Festschrift is a :wikt:Beruf|Beruf, a call to further work, effort, and energy, a call to the improvement of learning, of a discipline, a science, an artistic vision, or an intellectual position. Even in this age of mass Festschriften, they remain a special literary genre". Philosopher Alan Soble, in a review of the book Fact and Value in honor of MIT's philosopher Judith Jarvis Thomson, has formulated – somewhat tongue-in-cheek – 13 conditions that should be satisfied by a Festschrift. In a review of the book Human Expeditions: Inspired by Bruce Trigger, Randall H. McGuire argues that "the festschrift and the memorial volume are dying enterprises", because many observers think that the festschrift volumes are a waste of time, often lack coherence and frequently include articles that the authors could not publish elsewhere. He contends that because of the weaknesses, festschrifts do not sell and publishers are reluctant to publish them.
