Near the village of Sesverenpınar, among the Hilar rocks Çayönü hill was first settled in c. 7500 BC, and was continuously inhabited until 5000 BC. Remains have been found from the earlier habitation, one of the most important archaeological finds of its era. We can see evidence of an early city from the Neolithic period, when nomadic hunter-gatherers began to settle in one place. Excavation of Çayönü, one of the largest and best-preserved sites of its kind was begun in 1963 by Istanbul University and the University of Chicago and continues today.
Ergani was first mentioned Arkni/Argni as it was called by the Armenians. Trade has flourished between Ergani and Mesopotamia during the third millennium BC. Ergani has a rich history of being a mining region. Ergani mines used to ship copper to the early settlements at Uruk of southern Iraq. The Euphrates river connected Ergani and Uruk. Vessels of the day could easily float several tons of copper downstream to Uruk in a few weeks, the transport of hundred of tons of grain back to Anatolia was challenging. Later Mesopotamian civilizations took advantage of the more favorably placed Persian Gulfmineral resources. Connected to the north of Elazig Province Mining District, east of the Tigris in the town of Diyarbakir province, and is connected to Diyarbakir, the south is connected to the Siverek town of Urfa, Diyarbakir connected to the west is the border with Çermik and Cungus district. Height is 955 meters from the sea. The main flow of the Tigris river water, tea Straits, Camel is a gateway. district 10 km north of the river passes through the districts of the Tigris River. Kalender and 17th districts of the territory After flowing through the Tigris enters km of land. 7 km west of the Bosphorus strait Ergani tea is off the neighborhood. yolköprü, Beaded, splayed hill villages and camel through the gateway into and form a branch of the Tigris Ergani quite productive resources of the environment has. 5–6 m depth in the center of the county out of the water, such as 50-meter drilling work is found in very rich beds. Ergani's largest copper and chromium mines in front are nearby.
Transportation
Diyarbakir-Elazig road 58th kilometers east longitude and 39 50 in the county seat is in latitude 37 32 north. From the south of Haydarpasa-Kurtalan Railway District, the Diyarbakir-Elazig road passes through the center of the county.
Education
There exist 107 elementary schools, two Anatolian High Schools and one Anatolian Teacher High School. There exists also a Dicle University Vocational School in Ergani.
