Engaku-ji


Zuirokusan Engaku Kōshō Zenji, or Engaku-ji, is one of the most important Zen Buddhist temple complexes in Japan and is ranked second among Kamakura's Five Mountains. It is situated in the city of Kamakura, in Kanagawa prefecture to the south of Tokyo.
Founded in 1282 (Kamakura period, the temple maintains the classical Chinese Zen monastic design, and both the Shariden and the Great Bell are designated National Treasures. Engaku-ji is one of the twenty-two historic sites included in Kamakura's proposal for inclusion in UNESCO's World Heritage Sites.
It is located in Kita-Kamakura, very close to Kita-Kamakura Station on the Yokosuka Line, and indeed the railway tracks cut across the formal entrance to the temple compound, which is by a path beside a pond which is crossed by a small bridge.

History

The temple was founded in 1282 by a Chinese Zen monk Mugaku Sōgen at the request of the then ruler of Japan, the regent Hōjō Tokimune after he had repelled a Mongolian invasion in the period 1274 to 1281. Tokimune had a long-standing commitment to Zen and the temple was intended to honour those of both sides who died in the war, as well as serving as a centre from which the influence of Zen could be spread. According to the records of the time, when building work started a copy of the Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment was dug out of the hillside in a stone chest during the initial building works, giving its name to the temple.
The fortunes of the temple have waxed and waned over the centuries. Its present form is owed to the Zen priest Seisetsu Shucho, also known as Daiyu Kokushi, who reconstructed and consolidated it towards the end of the Edo era. A particularly important year for these reforms and the history of the temple was 1785, the "500th Anniversary of the Foundation". In the Meiji era, Engaku-ji became the chief centre for Zen instruction in the Kantō region; Kosen Roshi and Soyen Shaku were successively abbots in this period, and Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki was a student under them.
Zazen courses are still held in the temple, with open meditations sessions every morning and every Saturday afternoon. There's also a sermon the 2nd and 4th Sunday of the month at 9:00 am, followed by a session of zazen. These activities are held at the main hall, Kojirin and Hojo buildings respectively. A four-day "Summer Lecture Series" is organized yearly in late July.

Architecture

Fire has damaged many of the buildings at different times, and the dates given below refer to the building of the structures currently seen. From the entrance, the buildings of the temple rise up a wooded hillside, with the major buildings in a straight line in the Chinese style; the austere buildings and the trees blending in a satisfying overall composition. There are altogether 18 temples on the site.

Sanmon

The two-storied main gate, or Sanmon, was rebuilt in 1785, as part of the reconstruction works lead by Seisetsu. A wooden plaque of calligraphic work by the Emperor Fushimi reads "Engaku Kōshō Zenji". On the upper floor there are statues enshrined of Bodhisattva, the Sixteen Arhats and the Twelve Heavenly Generals. The roof is covered with copper.
It is designated an Important Cultural Property of the Kanagawa Prefecture.

Butsuden

The large modern Butsuden at the center of the Engaku-ji complex was rebuilt in 1964, after it was destroyed by the Great Kanto Earthquake. The construction of this new building, surrounded by junipers, was made following closely a plan from 1573.
It is dedicated to Hokan Shaka Nyorai, enshrined there, the main object of worship of the temple. This seated statue dates from the late Kamakura period. Statues of Bonten and Taishakuten in the same hall date from 1692. A painting of a dragon in the ceiling was painted by Tadashi Moriya under the supervision of Seison Maeda.
Above the front entrance there is a plaque of calligraphy from Emperor Go-Kogon which reads Daikomyohoden.

Sembutsudo and Kojirin

Sembutsudo is a thatch-roofed hall for Zen meditation and a sutra repository, built in 1699.
The Kojirin is a Zen meditation hall for lay trainees. Meditation sessions are held here most Sundays, both for first-time participants and for the general public.
Both building stand left of the Butsuden, and are open to the public.

Ogane ([List of [National Treasures of Japan (crafts: others)|National Treasure]]) and Bentendo

Cast by Mononobe Kunimitsu in August 1301, the Great Bell of Engaku-ji is at 2.6 metres tall the largest of all the many temple bells of Kamakura, after he confined himself in the Benzaiten shrine in Enoshima.
This bell and the one at Kenchō-ji are the only ones designated List of National Treasures of Japan |National Treasure in that category of crafts in the Kanagawa prefecture.
A waniguchi gong from 1540 hangs in the belfry. It designated an Important Cultural Property.
Bentendo is dedicated to the Benzaiten shrine in Enoshima. According to the legend, the cast of the Ogane successful thanks to the protection of Benzaiten. Once every 60 years a grand ceremony is held between both temples.

Shariden (National Treasure">List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)">National Treasure)

The Shariden, is a 3×3 hall, single-storied, irimoya style, with a pent roof enclosure, covered with hinoki cypress bark shingles. It is the only building with the designation of National Treasure in the Kanagawa prefecture.
The original structure, built in 1285 by Hōjō Sadatoki, was destroyed by a fire in 1563. The current building was transferred from the Taiheiji convent in Nishi Mikado, but it still dates from the Muromachi period.
The structure is typical of kara-yo, also called Zenshu-yo, introduced from China in the Kamakura period, with a style close to that of the Song dynasty. It houses what is claimed to be a tooth of Shakyamuni, presented by the Noninji Temple in China to Minamoto no Sanetomo.

Other structures

Among the other buildings and monuments are:
There is an admission fee for visitors to enter the temple complex, and additional similar charges to enter a few of the buildings. Booths selling tourist items are located near the entrance, below the Sanmon, and there are refreshment facilities in the garden of the Shariden and at the platform where the Great Bell is located, from where there are extensive views across the valley to other temple complexes in the Kita-Kamakura neighbourhood, such as Jōchi-ji and Tōkei-ji.

Annual Events