She had a significant breakthrough in 2010 as she won the senior women's race at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, out-sprinting Linet Masai to take her first major world title. Chebet finished second in the 2010 Bay to Breakers. A few weeks later, she broke the course record at the Freihofer's Run for Women 5K; her six-second improvement on the record was the greatest ever in the race's history. She was defeated at the NYRR New York Mini 10K by national rival Linet Masai, but still finished as the runner-up with a time of 31:13. She ran in the 15K race at the Istanbul Eurasia Marathon competition and won with a minute to spare over runner-up Belaynesh Oljira. She returned to the grassy Spanish circuit in November but was defeated by a large margin at the Cross de Atapuerca by Genzebe Dibaba. She missed the chance to defend her World Cross title in 2011 as she failed to finish at the Kenyan Cross Country Championships. She returned to defend her title at the Freihofer's Run for Women in June, but ended the race in third behind Ethiopians Mamitu Daska and Aheza Kiros. She was sixth at the Prague Half Marathon, setting a time of 1:12:00 hours for her debut outing over the distance. Chebet competed in South America for the first time at the Bogota Half Marathon in August and took third place on the podium. She ran one of the fastest 10K times of the year as runner-up at the Tilburg 10K, but her run of 31:18 minutes was still some way behind the winner Joyce Chepkirui. In November, she returned to train in Kenya and won the Tuskys Wareng Cross Country race.
Second world title
Chebet took the bronze medal and team title with Kenya at the 2012 African Cross Country Championships held in Cape Town. A knee injury ruled her out of the track and field season that year, but she returned in August and had runner-up finishes at the Falmouth Road Race, Beach to Beacon 10K and the Tilburg 10K. She placed fourth at the national cross country trials but went on to win her second world title at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, beating off a challenge from Hiwot Ayalew to claim both the individual and team gold medals. In June she won her second title at the Freihofer's Women's Run. A runner-up placing at the Kenyan trials earned her selection for the 10,000 m at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics and she came close to a medal by running a personal best of 30:47.02 minutes, taking fourth place. She ended the track season with a 5000 m best of 14:46.89 minutes at the Weltklasse Zürich meet. Moving on to the roads, she was runner-up at the Prague Grand Prix and the Valencia Half Marathon, setting another best of 68:20 minutes at the latter event. She is managed by Prague-based International Athletics Consultancy, with her IAAF Authorized Athletes' Representative being Zane Branson. On November 27, 2015, Athletics Kenya announced that Chebet had used a WADA forbidden substance, the masking agent Furosemide, and she was sanctioned with a four-year competition ban, effective July 15, 2015.