Electrical Association for Women
The Electrical Association of Women was a feminist and educational organisation founded in Great Britain in 1924 to promote the benefits of electricity in the home.
History
The Electrical Association of Women developed in 1924 from a proposal by electrical engineer Mrs Mabel Lucy Matthews and taken up by Caroline Haslett at the Women's Engineering Society, having been initially rejected by the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the Electrical Development Association. The organisation focused on ‘emancipation from drudgery’ by extending the benefits of electrification to middle class and working class homes and to engage women’s experience in the design of electric appliances and model homes.The first meeting to develop the organisation, at this time called the Women's Electrical Association, was held on 12 November 1924 at 1 Upper Brook Street, home of Lady Katharine Parsons. Attendees were leading figures in the world of engineering and women’s organisations, including Sir Charles Parsons, Lord Headley, Sir Alfred Yarrow, Mr. F. S. Button, Mr J Beauchamp, Mr B. Llewelyn Atkinson, Margaret Partridge, Miss T J Dillon and Miss Hilda Shaw from the world of domestic science, Miss B J Lanfear of the Incorporated Municipal Electrical Association, with representatives from the Girl Guides, the Women’s Co-operative Guild, the Gardens Cities and Town Planning Association, the Headmistresses’ Association; the National Union of Women Teachers, the National Council of Women and the National Women Citizens’ Association. Mabel Matthews read a paper outlining her concept of using electricity ot lessen the burden on women to the meeting.
“When I was haymaking during the war, an old farm hand came to me and said, “Now ma’am, this is a job where you can work hard or you can work light, what you want is to work light”. I’ve never forgotten that, and I look round and see lots of women working hard when they might work “light” with equally effective results. This is where electricity can help: and not only in regard to work but in health, hygiene and greater comfort in the home. The average middle-class housewife and prosperous working women are very shrewd and thrifty persons but they are very much apt to overlook the fact that thrift of one’s energies is often more vital than thrift of money. It is by this form of thrift that electricity in going to help women.”What was termed "a lively discussion" followed Matthew's speech and the meeting ended with a resolution, proposed by Margaret Partridge and agreed unanimously “…to form a Women’s Electrical Association” and wishing “to put on record its thanks to Mrs Matthews”.
The name was soon changed to the Electrical Association for Women to avoid confusion with the acronym of the Workers’ Educational Association.
Membership
Its first director was Caroline Haslett, and its first patron was Lady Astor. Members included Laura Annie Willson, Margaret Moir, Lady Katharine Parsons, Lady Eleanor Shelley-Rolls, Annette Ashberry and Margaret Partridge. Many were women who had worked in industry in World War I and continued their interest in peacetime. Branches were established in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester.Directors
; Mary George ; Ann McMullan ; Norah Riddington.Presidents
; The Lady Mount Temple; Margaret, Lady Moir; The Dowager Marchioness of Reading; The Dowager Lady SwaythlingVice-Presidents
Dame Elizabeth Cadbury; The Hon Lady Cripps; The Hon Mrs Ferranti Kirkwood; Mrs M L Matthews ; Marjorie, Lady Pentland; The Viscountess Rhondda; Catherine, Countess of Westmoreland; Mrs M. WintringhamHeadquarters
In 1927, the EAW moved into headquarters in the Kensington and Knightsbridge Electricity Lighting Co. Ltd, owned by electrical engineer Colonel R E Crompton. When Lady Nancy Astor MP formally opened the new offices on 14 November 1927, she was presented with a bouquet which was lit up by electricity. In 1933, the EAW moved to share their new headquarters at 20 Regent Street in London with the Women's Engineering Society and proudly described the then high tech electrical facilities available to members. "The kitchen cabinet fitment designed by Edna Mosely A.R.I.B.A. has a control panel with one 15 amp and three 5 amp plug points above the working table; the wall behind the panel is hollow and the wiring of the panel may be seen through a glass window”.Notable members
The campaigning Labour MP Ellen Wilkinson was involved with the EAW from its inception. The Electrical Age for Women recorded her 1934 speech at their annual lunch in which that she felt "that the twin keys to women’s earthly paradise were the Vote and Electricity… which will enable the poorer working families to have the benefits of electric help in their homes and for education which will enable all women to make best use of the help electricity offers."Projects
The EAW campaigned for more electrical outlets in homes, and better electrical safety as well as education on the range and benefits of electrical applications in the home.The EAW published a magazine The Electrical Age , commissioning the then architect and designer Carmen Dillon, to design the front cover of the magazine.
In 1934, the EAW published the Electrical Handbook for Women. It sold 33,000 copies in that year, and remained in print until the 1980s. The handbook was aimed at its female lecturers and demonstrators whose jobs were to guide Britain’s housewives on the best and most efficient ways to electrically equipping their homes. It is considered to be the first book published in Britain aimed at technically-minded women. The first five editions featured a cover designed by art-deco illustrator Ethel “Bip” Pares.
The EAW held annual conferences, and had a network of member branches across Britain, and abroad.
The Netherlands branch was set up in 1932, the Australian organisation in 1934 by electrical engineer Florence Violet McKenzie and the New Zealand branch in 1960. The Trinidad and Tobago branch was set up in 1961 by Public Relations Officer of Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission, Mrs. Louise Buxo and which is still in operation.
The EAW commissioned an electric flat for the Bachelor Girl in 1930, which was designed by Edna Moseley, ARIBA, an architect and member of the EAW. In 1932, the Association made a small scale-model of an electrical working-class kitchen at an exhibition at Central Hall, Westminster, sponsored by the voluntary Housing Societies of London.
Among its other projects were the 1934 report Electricity in the Working-Class Home, the 1935 all-electric house in Bristol, the 1936 film Motion Study in the Home and the Electrical Housecraft School, run by Dorothy Vaughan, which opened in 1933.
The EAW published recipe books, ran courses on Electricity for Everyday Living and developed an Electrical Housecraft Certificate and diploma course.
In the 1950s and 60s, they produced series of tea towels, pinnies and dusters to inform women about electrical safety.
The British EAW organisation was wound up in 1986.