He began his professional career in 2006, playing for the DSL Giants and hitting.156 in 122 at-bats. In 2007, he played again for the DSL Giants, improving his batting average to.241 in 249 at-bats, stealing 23 bases in 29 attempts. He played in the United Statesfor the first time in 2008, splitting the season between three teams – the AZL Giants, Salem-Keizer Volcanoes and the Fresno Grizzlies. Overall, he hit a combined.288 in 66 at-bats. After hitting.258 in 388 at-bats for the Augusta Greenjackets in 2009, Adrianza helped the San Jose Giants win the California League Championship in 2010. He hit.256 in 445 at-bats, stealing 33 bases in 48 attempts. He would remain in San Jose during the bulk of the 2011 season. In 2011, Adrianza batted.300 with 3 home runs and 27 RBIs. Adrianza made his MLB debut on September 8, 2013, against the Arizona Diamondbacks, and in doing so became the 300th Venezuelan to play in Major League Baseball. He entered the game as a pinch runner in the 11th inning and scored the winning run in a 3–2 victory. Adrianza hit his first career home run on September 22, 2013 against the New York Yankees. He broke up a no-hit bid by Andy Pettitte in his final start at Yankee Stadium. He appeared in 105 games over the 2014-2015 campaigns with San Francisco, driving in 16 runs and taking the field primarily as a middle infielder. On April 9, 2016, Adrianza homered off Clayton Kershaw for his 2nd career home run. Adrianza and the Giants avoided salary arbitration on December 3, agreeing to a one-year, $600,000 contract. The Giants designated him for assignment on January 24, 2017. On January 31, 2017, Adrianza was claimed off waivers by the Milwaukee Brewers. Adrianza was subsequently designated for assignment on February 2, 2017.
On February 6, he was claimed by the Minnesota Twins. He played in 70 games for the Twins in 2017, compiling a batting average of.265 with 2 homers and 24 RBI. He established himself as a regular in the Twins’ infield in 2018. In 113 games, he hit.251 with 6 home runs and 39 RBIs. On September 29, 2019, Adrianza managed the Twins in place of Rocco Baldelli during a late-season contest after the Twins had won the American League Central division. The team lost 5-4 on a walk-off sac-fly to the Kansas City Royals. For the season, he hit.272 in 83 games.
