Eel as food
s are elongated fish, ranging in length from to. Adults range in weight from 30 grams to over 25 kilograms. They possess no pelvic fins, and many species also lack pectoral fins. The dorsal and anal fins are fused with the caudal or tail fin, forming a single ribbon running along much of the length of the animal.
Most eels live in the shallow waters of the ocean and burrow into sand, mud, or amongst rocks. A majority of eel species are nocturnal and thus are rarely seen. Sometimes, they are seen living together in holes, or "eel pits". Some species of eels live in deeper water on the continental shelves and over the slopes deep as. Only members of the family Anguillidae regularly inhabit fresh water, but they too return to the sea to breed.
Eel blood is poisonous to humans and other mammals, but both cooking and the digestive process destroy the toxic protein. The toxin derived from eel blood serum was used by Charles Richet in his Nobel winning research which discovered anaphylaxis.
The Jewish laws of Kashrut forbid the eating of eels. Similarly, according to the King James version of the Old Testament, it is acceptable to eat fin fish, but fish like eels, which were erroneously believed to lack fins or scales, are an abomination and should not be eaten.
Japan consumes more than 70 percent of the global eel catch.
Types of food
Freshwater eels and marine eels are commonly used in Japanese cuisine; foods such as unadon and unajuu are popular but expensive. Eels are also very popular in Chinese cuisine and are prepared in many different ways. Hong Kong eel prices have often reached 1000 HKD per kilogram and once exceeded 5000 HKD per kilogram. Eel is also popular in Korean cuisine and is seen as a source of stamina for men. The European eel and other freshwater eels are eaten in Europe, the United States, and other places. Traditional east London foods are jellied eels and pie and mash, although their demand has significantly declined since World War II. In Italian cuisine eels from the Valli di Comacchio, a swampy zone along the Adriatic coast, are especially prized along with freshwater eels of Bolsena Lake.| Locality | Type | Image | Description |
| England | Jellied eels | Jellied eels originated in 18th century England, mainly in the East End of London. The dish consists of chopped eels boiled in aspic stock that is allowed to cool and set, forming a jelly. It is eaten cold. | |
| Belgium | Paling in 't groen | Specialty of the Brussels - Dendermonde - Antwerp area. Freshwater eels cut to about two‑inch pieces, cooked in green herb sauce. Usually served hot, either as hors-d'œuvre or with Belgian fries or bread; but can also be eaten cold. | |
| Japan | Unagi | Unagi is the Japanese word for freshwater eels, especially the Japanese eel. Saltwater eels are known as anago. Unagi are a common ingredient in Japanese cooking. | |
| Japan | Kabayaki | Kabayaki is a typical preparation of the unagi eel in Japan., sometimes extended to preparation of other fish, where the fish is split down the back, gutted and boned, butterflied, cut into square fillets, skewered, dipped in a sweet soy sauce-base sauce before broiled on a grill. | |
| Japan | Unadon | Unadon, lit. "eel bowl", consists of a donburi type large bowl filled with steamed white rice, and topped with fillets of eel grilled in the kabayaki style, similar to teriyaki. | |
| Korea | Jangeo-gui | Jangeo-gui is a gui made with marinated and grilled freshwater eels. | |
| Widespread | Elvers | Elvers are young eels. Traditionally, fishermen consumed elvers as a cheap dish, but environmental changes have reduced eel populations. Similar to whitebait, they are now considered a delicacy and are priced at up to 1000 euro per kilogram. The Spanish angulas consists of sautéd elver in olive oil, garlic and a chili pepper. In Spain, these angulas are now rare and very expensive. There are also imitation angulas which can be purchased cheaply made of surimi. | |
| Widespread | Smoked eel | Smoked eel is considered a delicacy in many localities, such as northern Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech republic, Poland, Denmark and Sweden. |
Sustainability
In 2010, Greenpeace International added the American eel, European eel, and Japanese eel to its seafood red list. "The Greenpeace International seafood red list is a list of fish that are commonly sold in supermarkets around the world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries."The US government deems eels population and the commercial industry was worth $12 million in Maine in 2017.