Echimyini Echimyini is a tribe of echimyid rodents , proposed in 2016, and containing 13 extant genera: all of the tree rats Echimys , Phyllomys , Makalata , Pattonomys , Toromys , Diplomys , Santamartamys , and Isothrix , the long recognized dactylomines Dactylomys , Olallamys , and Kannabateomys , and the enigmatic and previously classified as eumysopines Lonchothrix and Mesomys . All these spiny rats genera are arboreal . Worth of note, the arboreal genus Callistomys – the painted-tree rat – does not belong to the tribe Echimyini. Because it is phylogenetically closer to Myocastor , Hoplomys , Proechimys , and Thrichomys than to the above-mentioned Echimyini genera, it is classified in the tribe Myocastorini .Phylogeny Five assemblages can be distinguished in the genus-level cladogram of Echimyini: Echimys is closely related to Phyllomys , Makalata , Pattonomys and Toromys . This clade is in accordance with the fact that Phyllomys was classified within Echimys , and that Pattonomys and Toromys were placed in Makalata . Dactylomys , Olallamys , and Kannabateomys share unique features, and these South American bamboo rats are grouped under the informal clade name of "Dactylomyines". Diplomys and Santamartamys are sister group , reflecting the fact that the latter genus has been split from the former. Lonchothrix and Mesomys are sister group, and have often been classified within "Eumysopines", a subfamily otherwise shown to be polyphyletic . Isothrix occupies an isolated, deep-branching position.
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