A drop goal, field goal, dropped goal, or pot is a method of scoring points in rugby union and rugby league and also, rarely, in American football and Canadian football. A drop goal is scored by drop kicking the ball over the crossbar and between the goalposts. After the kick, the ball must not touch the ground before it goes over and through, although it may touch the crossbar. If the drop goal attempt is successful, play stops and the non-scoring team restarts play with a kick from halfway. If the kick is unsuccessful, the offside rules for a kick apply and play continues until a normal stoppage occurs. Because of the scoring attempt this is usually from the kicked ball going dead or into touch. Defenders may tackle the kicker while he is in possession of the ball, or attempt to charge down or block the kick.
Rugby union
, the international governing body of rugby union, refers to this method of scoring in its publications as a "dropped goal", but this is commonly abbreviated to "drop goal".
Tactical use
The drop goal is a relatively valuable method of scoring in rugby union, being worth three points, compared to the other methods of scoring: a try, and penalty kick. Because of its value, teams may opt for a drop kick at any point of a match. A converted try, being worth seven points, is still the most attractive means of scoring, especially if a team believes they have the ability to score one. Teams with a narrow lead often use the drop goal to maintain a margin over the opposition of more than seven points. Some teams play a strategy of ensuring that they score points every time they get close to their opponents' 22-metre line. If they do not score a try within a certain period of getting close, and if their opponents are disciplined and not giving away penalties, they may attempt a drop goal. Sometimes a team defending their try line makes a hurried clearing kick or hack at a loose ball which goes down the centre of the field. In these circumstances the attacking team may attempt an opportunistic long-range drop goal from wherever they receive the ball. A team often tries a drop goal just before half-time, especially if they think there may soon be a stoppage, or if they feel their attacking moves are not making progress. The advantage rule, where a referee allows play to continue after an infringement, but will return to the infringement if they do not believe the awarded team has taken "advantage" enough, can be an attractive situation in which to attempt a drop goal. If a team is playing under penalty advantage, and unsuccessfully attempts a drop goal, then the referee may return to the original penalty. The team could then opt to attempt a penalty goal, giving them a second opportunity to score the three points.
Points value
A drop goal is worth three points, and before 1948 it was worth four points. From time to time suggestions have been made by some rugby commentators to reduce the value of a drop goal, or to limit or discourage them in other ways.
Field goal
It is sometimes also referred to as a field goal; however the use of this term in rugby union is erroneous, and instead describes an archaic form of scoring a goal. A field goal was a form of scoring where the goal was kicked from a ball that was in play but on the ground. It is sometimes referred to as a "speculator" and was outlawed in 1906.
Rugby league
In rugby league the drop goal is worth only one point. Because of this the drop goal's use is largely in the late stages of a match in order to break a deadlock, or to extend a lead to more than a converted try. With the introduction of the golden point rule in the Australasian National Rugby League, it is often the first choice option when looking to secure a win. In the NSWRL prior to 1970, field goals were worth two points, however with the introduction of limited tackle football in 1967, their usage greatly increased as a scoring method. In 1968, 194 field goals were kicked, and by the end of 1970 it was decided to reduce their value to one point. This, and the increase to six tackle sets, saw just 17 kicked in 1971.
The drop-kick field goal is a rare but still legal part of American football and Canadian football, other football codes descended from rugby football; in both sports, it can be used to score a field goal or a conversion. While both rugby balls and the American and Canadian football shape are prolate spheroids, the American and Canadian footballs gradually changed to become more elongated and pointed, a shape much more difficult to drop kick. As of 2019, the last successful drop kick in a professional American football game was when Doug Flutie successfully drop kicked a football for an extra point in the New England Patriots' regular-season finale against the Miami Dolphins on January 1, 2006; prior to that, the last successful drop kick in a regular-season game was in 1941. Flutie's kick was in the last game of his career, and he did not usually kick the ball at all as he played quarterback. In Australian rules football, a drop kick is a legal way of scoring a goal or a behind, but is rarely executed these days, as punting a goal is also legal and much easier to execute.
