Dollar, Clackmannanshire
Dollar is a small town with a population of 2,800 people in Clackmannanshire, Scotland. It is east of Stirling. Dollar was once a place of residence of Mary, Queen of Scots.
Toponymy
Possible interpretations are that Dollar is derived from Doilleir, an Irish and Scots Gaelic word meaning dark and gloomy, or from various words in Pictish: 'Dol' + 'Ar' or Dol + Ar. Another derivation is from Dolar, ‘haugh place’. John Everett-Heath, in derives it as 'Place of the Water Meadow' from the Celtic dôl 'water meadow' and ar 'place'.A further theory, linked to Castle Campbell's alternative name of Castle Gloom, is that it stems from Scots-French "Doleur", meaning sadness.
History
500-year-old Castle Campbell stands overlooking the town, sitting on a forward projection of rock on the south side of the Ochil Hills. The castle was the lowland seat of the Duke of Argyll, where Mary, Queen of Scots once stayed in the 16th century.The original town stands on the sloping ground beneath the castle, in what is now the north-east section of the town. Buildings here are general stone built and two storeys high. The oldest buildings date from the mid-17th century and several 18th century buildings exist. Development spread to the west and south through the 19th century.
The construction of Dollar Academy in the early 19th century, with its extensive grounds created a refocus westwards.
Around 1840 the construction of a new road to Muckhart on lower ground south of the original route, created the current main east-west street. This quickly became the new "town centre" and the focus of shops and public activity.
The town has two war memorials, one for each world war. In the grounds of the Academy a bronze figure with outstretched hands by George Henry Paulin faces westwards and commemorates the fallen of the First World War. This also has names added for Northern Ireland. The dead were largely from the Academy; two non-Academy deaths are indicated by the word "parish" against their names. The Second World War has a far more modest memorial, in the small public garden on the main road, where the road suddenly twists. Both memorials are by local sculptor George Henry Paulin.
A small museum run by volunteers contains a collection of local items, and much information about the former Devon Valley Railway, which closed to passengers in 1964. The town is now largely a dormitory community for people who work in Stirling and further afield — e.g. Glasgow and Edinburgh.
Location and transport
It is one of the Hillfoots Villages, situated between the Ochil Hills range to the north and the River Devon to the south. Dollar is east of Stirling on the A91 road to St Andrews. The Devon Valley Railway linking Alloa and Kinross closed to passengers in 1964 and to freight in 1973.Economy
Attempts were made to mine lead and copper in Dollar Glen from the 18th century and possibly earlier, but these were of no economic significance. Coal mining in the area began around the same time and, until 1973, supplied the Kincardine Power Station, and later, the Longannet Power Station with coal from the Upper Hirst seam. A tiny private non-NCB coal mine operated from the Harviestoun estate from the mid-1970s, partly filling the gap that the closed NCB left, whilst there was still local demand for coal.In common with the other Hillfoots Villages, the textiles industry played an important part in the town's development. The Harviestoun Brewery was established west of Dollar in 1985, before its move to Alva.
Governance
From 1891 to 1975 the town had its own council. It is now within Clackmannanshire council area. It forms part of the Clackmannanshire East ward which includes Clackmannan, Comely Bank, Dollar & Muckhart. In the 2017 local elections, residents of the ward elected three councillors - one each from the Scottish National Party, the Labour Party and the Conservative Party.Provosts of Dollar
Dollar had a provost from 1891 to 1975. The provosts were:- James Beveridge Henderson
- David Westwood
- Richard Malcolm FRSGS
- John Drysdale
- M Fisher
- James Benson Green and
- Lavinia Malcolm, wife of Richard Malcolm, the first and only female Provost
- Cpt Stewart Fairweather Butchart MC
- C Allsopp
- R Waddell
- J Scott
- P Walton
- Alexander McLean Cowan
- J Crawford Shaw
- J Hewitt
- J Muckersie
- J M Miller
- H Moss
- Dr William Young Galloway the town GP
- E M M Breingan
Notable people
- William Auld poet and Esperanto author, nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in Literature, lived in Dollar until his death
- According to the Pictish Chronicle, Amlaíb Conung, the first Norse king of Dublin, was killed in a battle fought at Dollar around 874, when Constantine I was the king of Scotland.
- Robert Burns visited Craufurd Tait in Dollar in 1787, staying on the Harviestoun estate. There he was inspired to write the song "The Banks of Devon"
- Dollar was the home town of Scottish sinologist James Legge, the translator of The Chinese Classics, who invited Wang Tao to live in Dollar from 1870-1872 where he wrote two travel notes: Wondering in the Rambling Park and Touring the Mountain in Dollar, later published in Jottings from Carefree Travel, the very first travel book about Europe by a Chinese scholar. Wang Tao described the residents of Dollar as "honest, self-sufficient and hard-working" and that "public order is well maintained".
- Dollar Academy was founded in 1818 with a bequest from a Dollar native, Captain John McNabb, who had allegedly made his fortune in the slave trade. Amongst the many notable pupils at the Academy are James Dewar, the inventor of the vacuum flask; the grandsons of Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia; the second Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, George Reid; BBC Gaza correspondent Alan Johnston; and political journalist for The Scotsman, the News of the World and The Spectator magazines, Fraser Nelson.
- Lavinia Malcolm, Provost of Dollar between 1913-1919, was both the first lady provost and first female town councilor in Scotland.
- The painter J. M. W. Turner visited Dollar and made sketches in the glen.
- Alan Longmuir, of Bay City Rollers fame, lived just east of Dollar and owned and operated the Dollar Arms public house for a time.
- In the late 1990s, Michael Kulas and Saul Davies, musicians in the English rock group James, also resided and worked out of the old Tea House Cottage, now known as Brewlands, next to Castle Campbell.
- The Scottish author Iain Banks studied at the nearby University of Stirling and, in an interview for The South Bank Show in 1997, spoke about using the landscape above Dollar as inspiration for his novels.
- The biologist Alan Grafen.
- The artist Patrick Syme
- Internationalist footballer, Steven Caulker's eligibility to play for Scotland is from his grandmother Jessie hailing from Dollar
- Caferin,
Education