Dhakaiya Kutti language
Dhakaiya Kutti, also known as Old Dhakaiya or simply Dhakaiya, is an Indo-Aryan language, spoken by the original Dhakaiyas of Old Dhaka in Bangladesh. This language is largely intelligible with Standard Bengali but has some differences in vocabulary. It is not used in formal settings anymore although historically the local Bais and Bara panchayets are said to have used it sometimes. Usage of the language is in decline as many families are opting to raise their children to speak in Standard Bengali due to it being the official medium in the country and the influence of Dhaka city as the capital, welcoming migrants from all over the country who are not familiar with their dialect.
Features
The dialect is an Eastern Bengali-based Creole language with a large amount of Persian and Arabic vocabulary. It has only a few aspirated sounds in comparison to Standard Bengali. , , , sounds are not available in this language. The use of double sounds in certain words are also quite common. The word for younger brother-in-law, shala in Standard Bengali and hala in Dhakaiya and other Eastern dialects, is seen as offensive in almost all Bengali dialects except in the Dhakaiya dialect this is a common and inoffensive word which can be applied to teachers, parents and animals.| English | Standard Bengali | Dhakaiya Kutti |
| Boy | Chhele | Pola |
| Girl | Meye | Maiya |
| Youngsters | Chhele Meye | Polapain |
| True | Shotti | Hacha |
| Why | Keno | Kela |
| How | Kemon | Kemte |
| Listen | Shon | Hun |
| After drinking tea | Cha kheye | Cha khaiya |
| you'll go with me? | amar shonge jaben naki? | amar loge zaiben niki |
| From | theke | thon |
| Banana | kola | kolla |
| Gourd/pumpkin | lau/kodu | koddu |
| But | kintu | mogor, magar - from Persian |
| Me too | amio | ami bi bhi - from Hindustani |
| All | shob | sob |
| I see | dekhi | dehi |
| Going | giye | zaiya |
| I'm going | jacchi | jaitechhi |
| I will do | korbo | kormu |
History
During the Mughal era, the Bengal Subah was famous for rice cultivation and the city of Jahangirnagar was the province's capital. Rice was a very important export product in the mid-eighteenth century, centred in Dhaka. The merchants who exported the rice were predominantly of Marwari and Central Indian descent. These merchants would go to different areas in Eastern Bengal and collect the rice. The rice was first needed to be cleaned up using dhekis before packaging, and this process is called kuta in Bengali. Many local rice cultivators were employed to do this. They would come from various parts of Bengal to Dhaka to complete this job, and as it was long and tiring to get there and do the job, many of them started living in Dhaka. This migration took place circa 1760. However, not all were involved in the rice trade. The presence of the Mughals in Dhaka meant that there was generally a lot more employment opportunities there and so they took other occupations such as khansamahs, footsoldiers, guards, chefs and chauffeurs for the Dhakaiya Urdu-speaking Nawabs of Dhaka and other aristocratic families. These groups of people lived together and engaged in conversations and addas with their Hindustani counterparts and their main occupation led them to be known as kuttis. The interactions with different cultures and languages led to the birth of the Kutti language. The Bais panchayets of Dhaka in the twentieth-century used to converse in either Dhakaiya Urdu or Dhakaiya Kutti. Eventually, the common people living in the localities of Old Dhaka, Kutti or not, used to speak in this dialect.Presently, the Kutti speakers are a minority in Dhaka following the mass migration of Bengalis from districts all over Bengal during the first and second partitions during the British colonial period. The new educated migrant community spoke in Standard Bengali, a standardised dialect of Bengali established by the British. Some of the Old Dhakaiya community began to see the new migrant community as their opponents due to these linguistic and cultural differences. This division was the source of modern troubles in the identities of the Old Dhakaiyas and the post-partition migrant community.