Demographics of Mongolia


This article is about the demographics of Mongolia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Vital statistics

UN estimateshttp://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm [World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision]

Registered births and deaths

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate Crude death rate Natural change Total fertility rate
199651,80617,55034,256
199749,48816,98032,508
199849,25615,79933,457
199949,46116,10533,356
200048,72115,47233,249
200149,68515,99933,68620.56.613.9
200246,92215,85731,06519.16.412.7
200345,72316,00629,71718.46.412.0
200445,50116,40429,09718.16.511.6
200545,32616,48028,84617.86.511.3
200649,09216,68232,41019.06.512.5
20072,615,00056,63616,25940,37721.76.215.42.341
20082,659,00063,76815,41348,35524.05.818.22.595
20092,710,00069,16716,91152,25625.76.319.42.695
20102,758,00063,27018,29344,97723.16.716.42.390
201169,85319,15550,69825.16.918.22.60
201273,83917,76156,07826.06.319.72.70
201379,78017,24762,53327.55.921.63.00
20142,959,00082,83916,52166,31828.05.622.43.10
20153,033,00082,13017,62064,51027.15.821.33.10
20163,098,00079,92017,76362,15725.45.220.23.00
20173,177,89975,32117,35757,96423.95.518.42.80
20183,238,47978,44417,86460,58024.55.618.92.90
201980,25117,19563,05624.35.219.13.00

Life expectancy

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Structure of the populationhttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm

Structure of the population :
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 313 9681 333 5772 647 545100
0-4146 516141 981288 49710,90
5-9110 117106 097216 2148,17
10-14120 064116 801236 8658,95
15-19130 560127 085257 6459,73
20-24147 472144 711292 18311,04
25-29124 490123 493247 9839,37
30-34111 976110 546222 5228,40
35-39100 819101 564202 3837,64
40-4488 27390 994179 2676,77
45-4977 47581 281158 7566,00
50-5458 00964 073122 0824,61
55-5933 38438 60571 9892,72
60-6422 10627 34749 4531,87
65-6917 26220 97038 2321,44
70-7413 08116 25129 3321,11
75-797 25211 36518 6170,70
80-843 2585 9089 1660,35
85-891 3783 0374 4150,17
90-943831 0761 4590,06
95-99803224020,02
100+137083<0,01

Structure of the population :
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total1 409 6481 489 3632 899 011100
0-4158 578153 763312 34110,77
5-9121 534118 706240 2408,29
10-14119 093116 891235 9848,14
15-19125 751127 324253 0758,73
20-24149 565154 323303 88810,48
25-29143 113149 877292 99010,11
30-34122 710130 973253 6838,75
35-39111 396119 629231 0257,97
40-4495 134104 034199 1686,87
45-4982 00091 869173 8686,00
50-5465 96575 237141 2014,87
55-5942 74950 50893 2573,22
60-6425 52531 86257 3861,98
65-6917 52422 34039 8641,38
70-7414 68918 10232 7901,13
75-798 09211 75319 8450,68
80-844 1267 45411 5800,40
85-891 5123 0204 5320,16
90-945091 3431 8520,06
95-99732813540,01
100+158095<0,01

Ethnicity and languages

The demonym for the people of Mongolia is Mongolian. The name Mongol usually accounts for people of the Mongol ethnic group, thus excluding Turkic groups such as Kazakhs and Tuvans.
Ethnic Mongols account for about 97% of the population and consist of Khalkh and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongolian language. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats, Buryats and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.
Significant ethnic Turkic speaker Kazakhs constitute 3.9% of Mongolia's population. Khotons and Chantuu are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak in Mongolian.
In around 1860, part of the Middle jüz Kazakhs who sought refuge from Qing Empire massacre in Xinjiang came to Mongolia and were allowed to settle down in Bayan-Ölgii Province. There are smaller numbers of Russian, Chinese, Korean and American people working in Mongolia since 1990. 3,000 Westerners live in Mongolia, accounting for 0.1% of its total population.
English is the most widely used foreign language followed by Russian. Lately, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and German are gaining popularity.

Ethnicity

Literacy

Literacy rate is the percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.
Total population: 98.3%
After a decline in enrollment ratios during the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, school attendance is now once more near-universal: primary school attendance rate is estimated at 97%, and adult literacy at 98%.

Religions

Various forms of Shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced.
Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence.
ReligionPopulation%
Buddhism909,35753
Islam190,7023.0
Shamanism155,1742.9
Christianity41,1172.1
Other religions6,9330.4
Atheism835,28340
TOTAL3,000,000100.0

Urbanization

Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54%. About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.
Key: For population growth 1979 - 2008
* - city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.
From List of cities in Mongolia

Base demographic indicators for Mongolia