Demographics of Colombia


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Colombia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. It is the second-most populous country in South America after Brazil.
The Demography of Colombia is characterized for being the third-most populous country in Latin America, after Mexico and Brazil. Colombia experienced rapid population growth like most countries, but four decades of an armed conflict pushed millions of Colombians out of the country. However, a rebound economy in the 2000s in urban centres improved the situation of living standards for Colombians in a traditional class stratified economy.

Census

2018 Census

According to the 2018 census, Colombia has 48,258,494 inhabitants within its territory. All the data below is available in the DANE Census results.

20th and 21st centuries

Colombian census from 1912:
According to the total population was in, compared to only 12,342,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2015 was 24.3%, 68.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 7% was 65 years or older
Total population
Proportion
aged 0–14
Proportion
aged 15–64
Proportion
aged 65+
195012 34142.654.03.4
195514 22544.852.03.2
196016 48046.450.43.2
196519 14446.949.93.2
197022 06145.950.73.4
197524 75743.453.03.6
198027 73840.655.73.7
198531 01237.958.23.9
199034 27236.359.64.1
199537 44234.361.34.4
200040 40431.563.84.7
200543 28628.965.95.2
201045 91826.467.85.9
201548 22924.368.77.0
202050 88322.268.89.1

Age structure of the population

Structure of the population according to the 2018 census results:
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total23,550,07224,708,42248,258,494100
0–41,698,6991,621,4853,320,1846.88
5–91,862,7781,780,7383,643,5167,55
10–142,017,2051,925,5133,942,7188,17
15–192,152,3282,055,8124,208,1408,72
20–242,166,8062,137,8514,304,6578,92
25–292,007,5532,026,8574,034,4108,36
30–341,804,8671,857,9523,662,8197,59
35–391,703,5241,809,6933,513,2177,28
40–441,428,4511,568,4012,996,8526,21
45–491,360,8891,529,7942,890,6835,99
50–541,327,1081,510,4912,837,5995,88
55–591,153,3781,336,7602,490,1385,16
60–64916,9111,076,1641,993,0754,13
65–69699,748820,3941,520,1423,15
70–74501,888598,4051,100,2932,28
75–79357,112443,978801,0901,66
80+415,967582,994998,9612,07

Urbanization

Movement from rural to urban areas was very heavy in the middle of the twentieth century, but has since tapered off. The urban population increased from 31% of the total population in 1938, to 57% in 1951 and about 70% by 1990. Currently the figure is about 77%. The list of the most populated cities in the country only contains the population living in the urban area of the municipalities, according to the results of the 2018 population census.
RankPlace name2018 Census2005 Census% Change
1Bogotá7,387,4006,824,5078.20%
2Medellín2,382,3992,175,6819.50%
3Cali2,172,5272,083,1024.30%
4Barranquilla1,205,2841,142,4515.50%
5Cartagena876,885842,6324.07%
6Cúcuta685,445567,55920.77%
7Soacha655,025396,54465.18%
8Soledad602,644460,74530.80%
9Bucaramanga570,752509,13512.10%
10Bello495,483358,16738.34%
11Ibagué492,554468,37815.16%
12Villavicencio492,052356,46138.04%
13Santa Marta455,299385,18618.20%
14Valledupar431,794299,11244.36%
15Manizales405,234353,13814.75%
16Montería388,499286,63135.54%
17Pereira385,838371,4393.87%
18Neiva335,994295,84713.57%
19Pasto308,095312,480-1.40%
20Armenia287,245273,07613.73%
21Floridablanca280,025243,77314.87%
22Palmira275,254228,05620.69%
23Popayán266,561226,86717.49%
24Sincelejo249,323219,65513.50%
25Itagüí247,918213,18716.29%
26Buenaventura235,064292,889-19.74%
27Envigado215,766165,46230.40%
28Dosquebradas204,280169,82020.29%
29Barrancabermeja177,272170,8213.77%
30Tuluá174,951160,9168.72%

Vital statistics

UN estimates

The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Births and deaths

YearPopulationLive birthsDeathsNatural increaseCrude birth rateCrude death rateRate of natural increaseTFR
200542,888,000833,970242,207591,76319.95.814.12.36
200643,471,000825,278243,809581,46919.55.713.82.31
200744,005,000817,372245,998571,37419.05.713.32.27
200844,527,000810,099248,575561,52418.75.713.02.23
200945,039,000803,665251,471552,19418.35.712.62.19
201045,541,000797,899254,618543,28118.05.712.32.16
201146,033,000792,367257,950534,41717.75.811.92.13
201246,514,000786,868261,412525,45617.45.811.62.10
201347,086,000781,502264,968516,53417.15.811.32.07
201447,546,000776,369268,651507,71816.95.811.12.04
201548,095,000771,784272,482499,30216.65.910.72.02
201648,534,000768,696276,515492,18116.45.910.51.99
201749,060,000766,507280,690485,81716.25.910.31.97
201849,658,000766,549297,326469,22315.96.19.81.95
201950,896,000772,872303,609469,26315.76.29.51.92

Current vital statistics

Fertility and births

YearCBR TFR CBR TFR CBR TFR
1981–833.65
19863.34 2.76 4.88
199026.12.9 25.72.5 27.03.8
1995263.0 252.5 304.3
200022.72.6 21.62.3 25.63.8
200520.42.4 19.02.1 24.33.4
2010182.1 172.0 202.8
201516.42.0 15.71.8 18.52.6

Total Fertility Rate and Crude Birth Rate :

Ethnicity

Colombia is ethnically diverse, its original people descending from the original native inhabitants, Spanish and European colonists, Africans originally brought to the country as slaves, and 20th-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East, all contributing to a diverse cultural heritage. The demographic distribution reflects a pattern that is influenced by colonial history. Whites tend to live mainly in urban centers, like Bogotá, Medellín or Cali, and the burgeoning highland cities. The populations of the major cities also include mestizos. Mestizo campesinos also live in the Andean highlands where some Spanish conquerors mixed with the women of Amerindian chiefdoms. Mestizos include artisans and small tradesmen that have played a major part in the urban expansion of recent decades.
The 2005 census reported that the "non-ethnic population", consisting of whites and mestizos, constituted 86% of the national population. 10.6% is of black ancestry. Indigenous Colombians comprise 3.4% of the population. Less than 0.01% of the population is Roma. An extraofficial estimate considers that the 49% of the Colombian population is Mestizo or of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry, and that approximately 37% is White, mainly of Spanish lineage, but there is also a large population of Middle East descent; among the upper class there is a considerable input of Italian and German ancestry.
Many of the Indigenous peoples experienced a reduction in population during the Spanish rule and many others were absorbed into the mestizo population, but the remainder currently represents over eighty distinct cultures. Reserves established for indigenous peoples occupy and are inhabited by more than 800,000 people. Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Wayuu, the Paez, the Pastos, the Emberá and the Zenú. The departments of La Guajira, Cauca, Nariño, Córdoba and Sucre have the largest indigenous populations.
The Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia, founded at the first National Indigenous Congress in 1982, is an organization representing the indigenous peoples of Colombia. In 1991, Colombia signed and ratified the current international law concerning indigenous peoples, Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989.
Black Africans were brought as slaves, mostly to the coastal lowlands, beginning early in the 16th century and continuing into the 19th century. Large Afro-Colombian communities are found today on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. The population of the department of Chocó, running along the northern portion of Colombia's Pacific coast, is over 70% black. Britons and Jamaicans migrated mainly to the islands of San Andres and Providencia Islands. A number of other Europeans and North Americans migrated to the country in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including people from the former USSR during and after the Second World War.
Many immigrant communities have settled on the Caribbean coast, in particular recent immigrants from the Middle East. Barranquilla and other Caribbean cities have the largest populations of Lebanese, Palestinian, Phoenician and other Middle Easterners. There are also important communities of Chinese, Japanese, Romanis and Jews. There is a major migration trend of Venezuelans, due to the political crisis and economic collapse in Venezuela.

Languages

Spanish is the official language, and there are small communities in urban areas speaking other European languages such as German, French, English, Italian and Portuguese. There are 65 indigenous languages and two Creole languages, one creole in San Basilio de Palenque and one in San Andrés; and also San Andrés is the only place of Colombia where are three official languages: Spanish, English and a creole language.

Religion

The National Administrative Department of Statistics does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority adhere to Protestantism. Some 4.7% of the population is atheist or agnostic, while 3.5% claim to believe in God but do not follow a specific religion. 1.8% of Colombians adhere to Jehovah's Witnesses and Adventism and less than 1% adhere to other religions, such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Mormonism, Hinduism, Indigenous religions, Hare Krishna movement, Rastafari movement, Orthodox Catholic Church, and spiritual studies. The remaining people either did not respond or replied that they did not know. In addition to the above statistics, 35.9% of Colombians reported that they did not practice their faith actively.
While Colombia remains a mostly Roman Catholic country by baptism numbers, the 1991 Colombian constitution guarantees freedom of religion and all religious faiths and churches are equally free before the law.

Migration

Historically, a sizable percentage of Colombian emigration has also been motivated by the need to escape from political persecution and bipartisan violence during the periods of "La Violencia", and later due to the effects of the nation's current conflict. This has resulted in numerous applications for political asylum abroad.
Colombians have emigrated in comparably high rates to the United States. Other Colombians migrated to Canada and Europe. Among other locations.
Today millions of Colombians have returned to their country due to improvements in security, Colombia is now a country on the road to recovery. It is creating an economy that is today considered attractive and prosperous by many national and international investors. There are policies of the Colombian Government to help Colombians with housing loans. There is a support system for returning migrants. Certificates of competency are issued and there is a free employment service to help people find job.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population

48,637,910

Median age

total: 27.7 years
male: 26.7 years
female: 28.6 years

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male/female
Under 15 years: 1.02 male/female
15–64 years: 0.95 male/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male/female
total population: 0.96 male/female

HIV/AIDS – adult prevalence rate

0.7%

HIV/AIDS – people living with HIV/AIDS

170,000

HIV/AIDS – deaths

9,800

Nationality

noun: Colombia
adjective: Colombian

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 93.4%
male: 93.1%
female: 93.7%