Debaryomyces hansenii


Debaryomyces hansenii is a species of yeast in the family Saccharomycetaceae. Also known as Candida famata, it accounts for up to 2% of invasive candidiasis cases.

Ecology

Debaryomyces hansenii is an osmo-, halo- and xerotolerant yeast that produces toxins, including mycocins, to destroy competitive yeast species. It is a common species in all types of cheese, including soft cheeses and the brines of semi-hard and hard cheeses, and the most common yeast among 383 isolates from samples of unsulphited or sulphited sausages, skinless sausages and minced beef. It contributes to the fermentation of barrel-aged beers such as Le Coq Imperial Stout from Harveys Brewery in southern England. Harvey's head brewer speculates that it is either airborne in the brewery or a slow-growing component of their house yeast blend. D. hansenii is also found in hyper-saline waters such as the salterns on the Atlantic coast of Namibia or in the Great Salt Lake of Utah.

Nutritional requirements

The species can be cultivated in media with up to 25% NaCl or 18% glycerol. Growth rate increases in solutions with ≥ 1M NaCl or KCl, with sodium and potassium ions playing a very important role in the mechanisms involved in maintaining osmobalance. The species can survive a pH range between 3 and 10.

Reproduction

Most strains are haploid, mating very rarely and diploidize transiently by somatogamous autogamy. Sexual reproduction proceeds via heterogamous conjugation leading to short diplophase followed by meiosis and ascospore formation. Haploid yeasts reproduce vegetatively by multilateral budding.

Differentiation

The ability of this species to grow at 10% NaCl or 5% glucose is used to discriminate D. hansenii from other ascomycetous yeasts. The species comprises two varieties: D. hansenii var. hansenii and var. fabryii. These two groups can be differentiated via rRNA, the electrophoretic mobility of their glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or by their maximum grow temperatures.

Biotechnology

The species has been demonstrated to synthesize useful quantities of D-arabinitol, riboflavin, xylitol, and pyruvic acid under thiamine
limitation. The species has also been used to decarboxylate Ferulic acid
to 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol via biotransformation.