The Day of Arafah is an Islamic holiday that falls on the 9th day of Dhu al-Hijjah of the lunar Islamic Calendar. It is the second day of the Hajj pilgrimage and the day after is the first day of the major Islamic holiday of Eid al-Adha. At dawn of this day, Muslim pilgrims will make their way from Mina to a nearby hillside and plain called Mount Arafah and the Plain of Arafah. It was from this site that Muhammad gave one of his last famous sermons in the final year of his life.Some muslims hold that part of the Quranic verse announcing that the religion of Islam had been perfected was revealed on this day.
Location
Mount Arafah is a granitehill about southeast of Mecca in the plain of Arafah. Mount Arafah reaches about in height and is known as the "Mountain of Mercy". According to Islamic tradition, the hill is the place where the Islamic prophet Muhammad stood and delivered the Farewell Sermon to the Muslims who had accompanied him for the Hajj towards the end of his life.
Customs
On 9 Dhu al-Hijjah before noon, pilgrims arrive at Arafah, a barren plain some east of Mecca, where they stand in contemplative vigil: they offer supplications, repent and atone for their past sins, seek mercy of God, and listen to Islamic scholars giving sermons from near Mount Arafah. Lasting from noon through sunset, this is known as 'standing before God', one of the most significant rites of Hajj. At, pilgrims offer Zuhr and Asr prayers together at noon time. A pilgrim's Hajj is considered invalid if they do not spend the afternoon on Arafah.
As Husayn ibn Ali recited the prayer during the Hajj at Mount Arafah on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah, Shia Muslims during the Hajj recite the Arafah prayer from Zuhr prayer to sunset. This day is called prayer day, specially for people who stand on Mount Arafah. On the Day of Arafah, those who cannot make it to Mecca will go to other holy places such as mosques or shrines to recite Arafah prayer.
Fasting on the Day of Arafah
Fasting on the Day of Arafah for non-pilgrims is a highly recommended Sunnah which entails a great reward; Allah forgives the sins of two years. It was narrated from Abu Qatadah that Muhammad was asked about fasting on the day of ‘Arafah and he replied:
Imam An-Nawawi mentioned in his book al-Majmu’, “With regard to the ruling on this matter, Imam As-Syafi’i and his companions said: It is mustahabb to fast on the for the one who is not in Arafah. As for the pilgrim who is present in Arafah, Imam As-Shafi’i and his companions said al-Mukhtasar, ‘It is mustahabb for him not to fast’.” Prohibiting the pilgrims from fasting on these days is a great mercy for them, for fasting will exert undue hardship on the person performing the hajj. Above all, Muhammad did not fast while he stood before Allah offering supplications in Arafah. On the other hand, those who are not performing their hajj may observe fasting to gain the merits of the blessed day.
In ''hadith''
Abu Qatada al-Ansari narrated that Muhammad was asked about fasting on the Day of Arafah, whereupon he said: It expiates the sins of the preceding year and the coming year. Also about fasting on the Ashura he said: It expiates the sins of the preceding year. In Sahih Muslim it was narrated from Aisha that Muhammad said: The people would fast'' on this day to get their bad deeds in the upcoming year, and the past year, taken away.
