;1994 Weldon decided to run in Florida's 15th congressional district, vacated by Democratic U.S. Congressman Jim Bacchus. He was one of seven Republicans to file for the primary. On September 8, he ranked first with 24% of the vote, but failed to reach the 50% threshold to win outright. In the October 4 run-off election, he defeated Carole Jean Jordan 54–46%. In the November general election, he defeated Democrat Sue Munsey 54–46%. ;1996 Won re-election to a second term defeating John L. Byron 51–43%. ;1998 Won re-election to a third term with 63% of the vote. ;2000 Won re-election to a fourth term with 59% of the vote. ;2002 Won re-election to a fifth term with 63% of the vote. ;2004 Won re-election to a sixth term with 65% of the vote. ;2006 Former presidential candidateBob Bowman, a Democrat, challenged Weldon in 2006. The incumbent raised significantly more campaign funds than Bowman. By the end of September, Weldon's total was $673,321 versus $21,944 for Bowman. Weldon also refused to debate Bowman during the campaign. In the November election, Weldon received 125,596 votes to Bowman's 97,947. Weldon won re-election to a seventh term with 56% of the vote. ;2008 On January 25, 2008, claiming "He never wanted to be a career politician", Weldon announced he would not seek an eighth term and would be returning to his medical practice. He endorsed state SenatorBill Posey to succeed him.
Tenure
In response to the legal battle over the removal of the feeding tube of Terri Schiavo, Weldon introduced legislation to force review of the case by the federal government. Weldon, who has a medical degree, believed that Schiavo was not in a vegetative state. He supported his belief saying, "She responds to verbal stimuli, she attempts to vocalize, she tracks with her eyes, she emotes, she attempts to kiss her father." In December, 2005, Weldon joined with several other Congressmen to form the Second Amendments, a bipartisanrock and country band set to play for United States troops stationed overseas over the holiday season. Weldon plays the bass guitar.
Weldon decided to run For the U.S Senate with the hopes of facing Democratic incumbent Bill Nelson. His opponent in the 2012 Republican Primary was U.S. Representative Connie Mack IV. Weldon ran as a Christian conservative, and trailed Mack in both funding and name recognition. He lost the Republican primary with 20% of the vote, coming in second behind Mack's 59%.