Sir Cyril Henry Philips, knighted in 1974, was a noted British historian and academic director.
Early life
His father had worked as an engine driver on the Indian railways, and Philips in the 1920s spent some years in Bihar. He was educated first at Rock Ferry High School, and in 1931 he attended the University of Liverpool, graduating in 1934 with a first-class degree in history. He then attended the School of Oriental Studies in London where he wrote a history thesis on the East India Company, in 1940, published as The East India Company: 1784–1834, which The Times described in his obituary as "a rich Namier-like analysis of the various interests in the court of directors as well as a study of its operations".
Philips chaired a Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure into the police and criminal evidence system, the police complaints board and review of the Prevention of Terrorism Act during the years 1978 to 1981. Its terms of reference were to examine, having regard both to the interests of the community in bringing offenders to justice and to the rights and liberties of persons suspected or accused of crime, and taking into account also the need for the efficient and economical use of resources, whether changes are needed in England and Wales in:
the powers and duties of the police in respect of the investigation of criminal offences and the rights and duties of suspect and accused persons, including the means by which these are secured;
the process of and responsibility for the prosecution of criminal offences;
other features of criminal procedure and evidence as relate to the above;
and to make recommendations.
The commission held 50 full meetings, the first on 15 February 1978 and in addition set up three sub-committees
the Research Committee which engaged in the preliminary formulation of a research programme,
a Law and Procedure Committee which prepared the supplementary volume of the Report describing existing arrangements, and
a Drafting Committee which prepared drafts of the final Report for the approval of the full Commission.
The commission drew on evidence from four main sources, written submissions, oral evidence, visits by the Commission and research. Oral evidence was taken in late 1979 and early 1980 on the basis of a consultative paper in order to test opinion on key issues already identified and proposed changes. Commissioners visited every police force in England and Wales and also many police stations and criminal courts in the United Kingdom and abroad. In addition they initiated twelve research studies, which were published, and some smaller research projects by Commission staff, the results of which were incorporated in the Report.
